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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 16, 2026

Scanning SQUID Study of Vortex Manipulation by Local Contact
06:53

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Published on: February 1, 2017

Optimal Control Drives Ultrafast and Energy-Efficient Magnetization Switching in Van der Waals Magnets.

Mohammad H Badarneh1, PeiYu Cai1, Elton J G Santos1,2,3

  • 1Institute for Condensed Matter and Complex Systems, School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.

Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)
|July 15, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Optimal control theory (OCT) enables ultrafast, energy-efficient magnetic switching in van der Waals magnets using precisely shaped magnetic fields. This approach makes field-driven reversal competitive with, and sometimes superior to, current-driven methods like spin-transfer-torque (STT) and spin-orbit-torque (SOT).

Keywords:
device engineeringenergy‐efficient switchingultrafast magnetisation dynamics

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07:42

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Published on: July 20, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Quantum Information Science

Background:

  • Data-centric technologies increase energy demands for information storage.
  • Conventional magnetic switching methods (field-driven) are energy-intensive and lack scalability.
  • Current-driven techniques like spin-transfer-torque (STT) and spin-orbit-torque (SOT) dominate modern magnetic memory.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate that optimal control theory (OCT) can enable efficient magnetic switching.
  • To make field-driven reversal competitive with current-based approaches.
  • To explore OCT applications in van der Waals magnets for ultrafast and energy-efficient magnetization switching.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized optimal control theory (OCT) to design precisely shaped magnetic-field pulses.
  • Investigated magnetization switching in van der Waals magnets (Fe 3 GaTe 2${\rm Fe}_3{\rm GaTe}_2$, Fe 3 GeTe 2${\rm Fe}_3{\rm GeTe}_2$, CrSBr).
  • Analyzed switching speeds in the picosecond range and switching energies in nanojoules and femtojoules.

Main Results:

  • Achieved ultrafast, deterministic magnetization switching within 1-10 picoseconds.
  • Demonstrated switching energies up to two orders of magnitude lower (0.94-9.7 nJ) than conventional field protocols (42.8-91.2 nJ).
  • Showcased potential for femtojoule switching energies by exploiting material-specific parameters, outperforming STT and SOT.

Conclusions:

  • OCT-based field-driven magnetic switching offers superior energy efficiency and speed.
  • This approach revitalizes field-driven reversal, making it a viable alternative or complement to current-based methods.
  • OCT opens new avenues for designing highly efficient, scalable magnetic memory by combining fields, currents, and photons.