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Medications are typically administered to achieve therapeutic effects. Some drugs can modify an individual's mood and perception, frequently resulting in various enjoyable experiences. However, this can result in drug dependency, a condition marked by continuous drug use despite potential negative consequences. Drug dependency primarily falls into two categories: psychological and physical dependence. Psychological dependence occurs when the pleasurable feelings induced by the drug...

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Updated: May 22, 2026

Chronic Intermittent Ethanol Vapor Exposure Paired with Two-Bottle Choice to Model Alcohol Use Disorder

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Published on: June 23, 2023

Personalized Virtual Reality Future Selves Elicit Introspective Brain Activation in Early Substance Use Disorder

Brandon G Oberlin^1,2,3,4, Mario Dzemidzic^2,5, Yitong I Shen^1,3

¹Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.

Substance Abuse and Rehabilitation

|May 21, 2026

Summary

Virtual reality future self-avatars show promise for substance use disorder (SUD) recovery. Brain imaging reveals that envisioning a recovery future self activates key brain regions, aiding in behavioral change and reducing relapse risk.

Keywords:

SUD remission addiction precision medicine therapeutic alliance

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Published on: January 5, 2018

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Psychiatry
Digital Therapeutics

Background:

Substance use disorder (SUD) recovery is challenging, with high relapse rates.
Virtual reality (VR) interventions with future self-avatars can enhance engagement and behavioral change in SUD recovery.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate brain activity using fMRI during VR experiences of divergent future selves in individuals with SUD.
To identify neural correlates of enhanced future self-connection and decision-making in SUD recovery.

Main Methods:

Twenty adults in early SUD recovery (<1 year) underwent fMRI while viewing personalized VR future self-avatars (SUD Future Self vs. Recovery Future Self).
Participants contemplated personalized narratives of future drug use and recovery scenarios.

Main Results:

Viewing future selves activated midline default mode regions, visual areas (occipital and fusiform face areas), and the left middle frontal gyrus.
The Recovery Future Self condition showed significantly greater left occipital face area activation compared to the SUD Future Self.
Midline default mode activation correlated with increased preference for delayed rewards and trait perseverance.

Conclusions:

Digital future selves in VR can serve as therapeutic agents, opening new avenues for SUD recovery interventions.
Increased midline default mode engagement, coupled with executive network and face area coactivation, may signal mechanisms for improved decision-making and future behavior in SUD recovery.
Immersive digital therapeutics show promise for novel restorative experiences in addiction treatment.