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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 23, 2026

Surgical Training for the Implantation of Neocortical Microelectrode Arrays Using a Formaldehyde-fixed Human Cadaver Model
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Surgical Training for the Implantation of Neocortical Microelectrode Arrays Using a Formaldehyde-fixed Human Cadaver Model

Published on: November 19, 2017

Chronic Implantation of Planar Microelectrode Arrays as a Brain-Computer Interface: A Technical Note and Operational

Arthur Wagner1, Viktor M Eisenkolb1,2, Alexander Utzschmid1,2

  • 1Department of Neurosurgery, TUM University Hospital, Technical University Munich School of Medicine and Health, Munich, Germany.

Operative Neurosurgery (Hagerstown, Md.)
|May 21, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Chronic implantation of Utah arrays (UAs) for brain-computer interfaces is safe and effective for long-term neuronal recording. A standardized surgical workflow ensures reliable signal acquisition in patients with neurological conditions.

Keywords:
Brain-computer-interfaceBrain-machine-interfaceChronic implantationMicroelectrode arrayUtah array

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Surgical Implantation of Chronic Neural Electrodes for Recording Single Unit Activity and Electrocorticographic Signals
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Published on: February 24, 2012

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Last Updated: May 23, 2026

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Surgical Implantation of Chronic Neural Electrodes for Recording Single Unit Activity and Electrocorticographic Signals

Published on: February 24, 2012

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Surgical Technology

Background:

  • Chronic implantation of brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) enables sustained, high-fidelity neuronal recordings.
  • Planar microelectrode arrays, specifically Utah arrays (UAs), are standard for intracortical signal acquisition.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the surgical workflow for chronic implantation of multiple UAs in two patients.
  • To report the safety and signal quality outcomes of chronic UA implantation.

Main Methods:

  • Two patients underwent chronic UA implantation, with preoperative planning involving MRI and navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation (nTMS) mapping.
  • One patient received UAs in speech-related areas post-stroke; the other received UAs for grasping function post-spinal cord injury.

Main Results:

  • Implantation durations reached 41 months (patient MB) and 4 months (patient MM).
  • Optimal signal quality was achieved in 3 of 4 UAs for MB and all UAs for MM.
  • One patient experienced wound breakdown at 15 months, requiring debridement and antibiotics, with subsequent unimpaired signal acquisition.

Conclusions:

  • Chronic implantation of UAs in diverse cortical areas is demonstrated to be safe.
  • A standardized workflow integrating imaging-based nTMS, neuronavigation, and postoperative surveillance facilitates reliable, long-term intracortical signal acquisition.