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Related Concept Videos

DNA Microarrays02:34

DNA Microarrays

Microarrays are high-throughput and relatively inexpensive assays that can be automated to analyze large quantities of data at a time. They are used in genome-wide studies to compare gene or protein expression under two varied conditions, such as healthy and diseased states. Microarrays consist of glass or silica slides on which probe molecules are covalently attached through surface functionalization. Most commonly, the slides are prepared through the chemisorption of silanes to silica...
What is Gene Expression?01:42

What is Gene Expression?

Overview
Gene expression is the process in which DNA directs the synthesis of functional products, that is, proteins. Cells can regulate gene expression at various stages. It allows organisms to generate different cell types and enables cells to adapt to internal and external factors.
Genetic Information Flows from DNA to RNA to Protein
A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is made up of nucleotides and proteins consist of amino...
What is Gene Expression?01:42

What is Gene Expression?

Overview
Gene expression is the process in which DNA directs the synthesis of functional products, that is, proteins. Cells can regulate gene expression at various stages. It allows organisms to generate different cell types and enables cells to adapt to internal and external factors.
Genetic Information Flows from DNA to RNA to Protein
A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is made up of nucleotides and proteins consist of amino...
What is Gene Expression?01:36

What is Gene Expression?

A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is comprised  of nucleotides and proteins are comprised of amino acids, a mediator is required to convert the information encoded in DNA into proteins. This mediator is the messenger RNA (mRNA). mRNA copies the blueprint from DNA by a process called transcription. In eukaryotes, transcription occurs in the nucleus by complementary base-pairing with the DNA template. The mRNA is then processed and...
Reporter Genes02:11

Reporter Genes

Reporter genes are a type of protein-coding gene that are often tagged to a gene of interest. Once inside a target cell, reporter genes usually produce visually identifiable characteristics like fluorescence and luminescence when expressed along with the gene of interest. Thus, reporter genes “report” the presence or absence of genes of interest in an organism, determine the gene expression pattern, or track the physical location of a DNA segment or protein in the cell.
Commonly used reporter...
Experimental RNAi02:15

Experimental RNAi

RNA interference (RNAi) is a cellular mechanism that inhibits gene expression by suppressing its transcription or activating the RNA degradation process. The mechanism was discovered by Andrew Fire and Craig Mello in 1998 in plants. Today, it is observed in almost all eukaryotes, including protozoa, flies, nematodes, insects, parasites, and mammals. This precise cellular mechanism of gene silencing has been developed into a technique that provides an efficient way to identify and determine the...

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High-throughput Screening for Chemical Modulators of Post-transcriptionally Regulated Genes
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A new method for evaluating drug efficacy at the gene expression level.

Mosi Chen1, Genlin Chen1, Qi Li2

  • 1School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jiangsu Medical College, Yancheng, Jiangsu, China.

Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
|May 22, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Evaluating natural hepatoprotective drugs revealed that gene expression analysis offers a novel method for assessing therapeutic efficacy. Curcumin demonstrated superior efficacy compared to reduced glutathione and puerarin in a rat liver injury model.

Keywords:
Differentially expressed genesEfficacy evaluationGene detection technologyNatural medicine

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Genomics
  • Toxicology

Background:

  • Natural medicines often exhibit multitarget effects, challenging traditional efficacy evaluation methods.
  • Standard drug efficacy assessments may not fully capture the complex actions of natural products.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a novel method for evaluating drug efficacy at the gene expression level.
  • To assess the efficacy of natural hepatoprotective agents using this new gene expression-based approach.

Main Methods:

  • Establishment of a rat liver injury model using carbon tetrachloride.
  • Gene expression profiling via microarray technology in liver cells.
  • Comparative efficacy assessment of curcumin and puerarin against a positive control (reduced glutathione).

Main Results:

  • Hepatoprotective drug treatments significantly reduced the number of differentially expressed genes in liver tissue.
  • The efficacy ranking based on gene expression analysis was curcumin > positive control drug > puerarin.
  • Liver function indices and pathological findings corroborated the gene expression-based efficacy evaluation.

Conclusions:

  • Drug efficacy can be effectively evaluated and ranked using gene expression profiling.
  • This gene expression-based method provides a comprehensive approach to understanding natural product efficacy.
  • The study highlights curcumin as a potent hepatoprotective agent based on multitarget gene expression modulation.