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Related Concept Videos

Thermal Sigmatropic Reactions: Overview01:16

Thermal Sigmatropic Reactions: Overview

Sigmatropic rearrangements are a class of pericyclic reactions in which a σ bond migrates from one part of a π system to another. These are intramolecular rearrangements where the total number of σ and π bonds remain unchanged.
Sigmatropic shifts are classified based on an order term [i, j ], where i and j indicate the number of atoms across which each end of the σ bond migrates. Below are examples of a [3,3] sigmatropic shift in 1,5-hexadiene, referred to as...
Mechanisms of Heat Transfer01:14

Mechanisms of Heat Transfer

Heat transfer between the human body and its environment occurs through four main mechanisms: conduction, convection, radiation, and evaporation.
Conduction, accounting for approximately 3% of body heat loss at rest, is the process of exchanging heat between molecules of two materials in direct contact. This can result in both heat loss and gain. For instance, when the body is submerged in water, which conducts heat 20 times more effectively than air, it can either lose or gain significant heat.
Mechanisms of Heat Transfer II01:20

Mechanisms of Heat Transfer II

In convection, thermal energy is carried by the large-scale flow of matter. Ocean currents and large-scale atmospheric circulation, which result from the buoyancy of warm air and water, transfer hot air from the tropics toward the poles and cold air from the poles toward the tropics. The Earth’s rotation interacts with those flows, causing the observed eastward flow of air in the temperate zones. Convection dominates heat transfer by air, and the amount of available space for the airflow...
Mechanism of heat transfer01:19

Mechanism of heat transfer

Understanding heat transfer mechanisms is essential for understanding how our bodies maintain balance in different environmental conditions. When the environment is thermoneutral, the body is in a state of balance, neither using nor releasing energy to maintain its core temperature. However, when the environment is not thermoneutral, the body employs four heat transfer mechanisms to maintain homeostasis: conduction, convection, evaporation, and radiation. These mechanisms facilitate heat...
Mechanisms of Heat Transfer I01:14

Mechanisms of Heat Transfer I

Just as interesting as the effects of heat transfer on a system are the methods by which the heat transfer occur. Whenever there is a temperature difference, heat transfer occurs. It may occur rapidly, such as through a cooking pan, or slowly, such as through the walls of a picnic ice box. So many processes involve heat transfer that it is hard to imagine a situation where no heat transfer occurs. Yet, every heat transfer takes place by only three methods: conduction, convection, and radiation.
Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview01:08

Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview

In bromoethane, the three methyl protons are coupled to the two methylene protons that are three bonds away. In accordance with the n+1 rule, the signal from the methyl protons is split into three peaks with 1:2:1 relative intensities. The methylene protons appear as a quartet, with the relative intensities of 1:3:3:1.
Qualitatively, any spin plus-half nucleus polarizes the spins of its electrons to the minus-half state. Consequently, the paired electron in the hydrogen–carbon bond must have a...

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Updated: Jun 26, 2026

Thermal Scanning Conductometry (TSC) as a General Method for Studying and Controlling the Phase Behavior of Conductive Physical Gels
10:01

Thermal Scanning Conductometry (TSC) as a General Method for Studying and Controlling the Phase Behavior of Conductive Physical Gels

Published on: January 23, 2018

Reversible Regulation of Thermal Conductivity through Spin-Crossover Transitions.

Qichen Song1, Rahil Ukani1, Vidhya M Dev1

  • 1Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|June 25, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Scientists developed switchable solid-state thermal conductivity using spin-crossover phase transitions. This breakthrough enables advanced thermal regulators and switches, paving the way for new technologies.

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Thermal Scanning Conductometry (TSC) as a General Method for Studying and Controlling the Phase Behavior of Conductive Physical Gels
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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Solid-State Physics
  • Chemistry

Background:

  • Modulating thermal conductivity in solids is crucial for advanced thermal management devices.
  • Emerging technologies require high-performance thermal regulators, switches, and diodes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a novel mechanism for switchable solid-state thermal conductivity.
  • To explore the potential of spin-crossover phase transitions for thermal control.

Main Methods:

  • Investigated single crystals of the molecular spin-crossover complex Fe(HB(tz)3)2.
  • Analyzed thermal conductivity changes across an electronic spin transition.
  • Examined phonon properties and metal-ligand bond strengths.

Main Results:

  • Observed a reversible, greater than 4-fold drop in thermal conductivity in Fe(HB(tz)3)2 during a spin transition.
  • Attributed the change to reduced phonon group velocities and increased scattering in the high-spin phase.
  • Demonstrated similar thermal conductivity changes in another Fe(II) spin-crossover material.

Conclusions:

  • Spin-crossover phase transitions offer a powerful method for manipulating thermal transport in solids.
  • The findings are generalizable across diverse spin-crossover materials and stimuli.
  • This approach is promising for developing advanced thermal management technologies.