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Strength, But Not Power, is Reduced in Females But Not Males Following a Simulated Ruck March.

Elizabeth M Lavoie1, Prasiddhi J Patel1, Jocelyn J Stooks2

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This summary is machine-generated.

Loaded treadmill walking significantly decreased strength, particularly in females, compared to unloaded walking. However, both loaded and unloaded walks similarly affected power output between sexes, highlighting sex-specific responses to load carriage.

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Area of Science:

  • Exercise Physiology
  • Military Performance Science
  • Biomechanics

Background:

  • Strength and power are crucial for military duties and injury prevention, with males generally exhibiting higher levels than females.
  • Females demonstrate superior fatigue resistance in endurance activities, but the impact of loaded military activities on sex-based strength and power is unclear.
  • Slip, trip, and fall events represent the leading cause of non-combat injuries in the military, underscoring the importance of maintaining strength and power.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate and compare the effects of unloaded and loaded treadmill walking on muscular strength and power between male and female military personnel.
  • To determine if military-specific activities, such as ruck marching, differentially impact strength and power across sexes.

Main Methods:

  • Ten males and ten females completed two 4.8 km time trial walks on a treadmill, one unloaded and one loaded with 30% of their body mass.
  • Muscular strength was assessed via a 3-repetition maximum deadlift, and power was evaluated using a vertical jump test, both administered before and after each trial.
  • Baseline comparisons and post-trial changes in strength and power were analyzed between sexes and conditions (loaded vs. unloaded).

Main Results:

  • Males demonstrated significantly higher baseline strength (3-RM deadlift) and power (vertical jump) than females in both unloaded and loaded conditions.
  • Loaded treadmill walking resulted in greater decrements in strength compared to unloaded walking (P=0.02), primarily driven by larger strength decreases in females.
  • No significant differences in the change in power (vertical jump height) were observed between loaded and unloaded trials, nor between sexes.

Conclusions:

  • A loaded time trial walk significantly reduces muscular strength more than an unloaded walk, with females experiencing greater strength decrements.
  • Despite sex-based differences in strength response to loaded walking, power output changes were comparable between sexes and conditions.
  • Further research is warranted to explore the effects of loaded walking on other dynamic strength measures and its broader implications for military populations.