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Related Concept Videos

Properties of Transition Metals02:58

Properties of Transition Metals

Transition metals are defined as those elements that have partially filled d orbitals. As shown in Figure 1, the d-block elements in groups 3–12 are transition elements. The f-block elements, also called inner transition metals (the lanthanides and actinides), also meet this criterion because the d orbital is partially occupied before the f orbitals.
Metal-Ligand Bonds02:51

Metal-Ligand Bonds

The hemoglobin in the blood, the chlorophyll in green plants, vitamin B-12, and the catalyst used in the manufacture of polyethylene all contain coordination compounds. Ions of the metals, especially the transition metals, are likely to form complexes.
In these complexes, transition metals form coordinate covalent bonds, a kind of Lewis acid-base interaction in which both of the electrons in the bond are contributed by a donor (Lewis base) to an electron acceptor (Lewis acid). The Lewis acid in...
Metal-Semiconductor Junctions01:24

Metal-Semiconductor Junctions

The contact of metal and semiconductor can lead to the formation of a junction with either Schottky or Ohmic behavior.
Schottky Barriers
Schottky barriers arise when a metal with a work function (Φm) contacts a semiconductor with a different work function (Φs). Initially, electrons transfer until the Fermi levels of the metal and semiconductor align at equilibrium. For instance, if Φm > Φs, the semiconductor Fermi level is higher than the metal's before contact. The semiconductor's...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 23, 2026

Experimental Approaches for the Synthesis of Low-Valent Metal-Organic Frameworks from Multitopic Phosphine Linkers
07:14

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Published on: May 12, 2023

Double-Transition-Metal MXenes: Multimetallic 2D Platforms for Next-Generation Biomedicine.

Parsa Namakiaraghi1, Mohammad Mozafari1, Masoud Soroush1,2

  • 1Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.

Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)
|May 22, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Double-transition-metal (DTM) MXenes offer enhanced properties for biomedical applications. This review explores their synthesis, characteristics, and potential in cancer therapy, imaging, and drug delivery.

Keywords:
biocompatibilitybiomedical engineeringclinical translationdouble transition metal MXenesordered MXenes

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Last Updated: May 23, 2026

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Published on: May 12, 2023

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Fabrication of Ti3C2 MXene Microelectrode Arrays for In Vivo Neural Recording
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Fabrication of Ti3C2 MXene Microelectrode Arrays for In Vivo Neural Recording

Published on: February 12, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science, Nanotechnology, and Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • MXenes are versatile 2D nanomaterials with diverse applications.
  • Double-transition-metal (DTM) MXenes offer enhanced properties compared to traditional mono-transition-metal MXenes.
  • DTM MXenes exhibit improved oxidative stability, tunable degradation, and unique optical properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the discovery, synthesis, and characteristics of DTM MXenes.
  • To compare DTM MXenes with mono-transition-metal MXenes, elucidating structure-property relationships.
  • To examine emerging biomedical applications of DTM MXenes.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of DTM MXene literature.
  • Comparison of physicochemical properties between DTM and mono-transition-metal MXenes.
  • Analysis of in vitro and in vivo studies on DTM MXene biomedical applications.

Main Results:

  • DTM MXenes possess tunable properties due to compositional and structural complexity.
  • DTM MXenes show promise in photothermal cancer therapy, multimodal imaging, drug delivery, and antibacterial applications.
  • In vitro and in vivo studies demonstrate the potential of DTM MXenes in various biomedical contexts.

Conclusions:

  • DTM MXenes represent a promising platform for advanced nanomedicine.
  • Challenges remain in scalable synthesis, compositional control, and clinical translation.
  • Future research should focus on developing safe and effective multifunctional DTM MXene nanomedicine platforms.