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Related Concept Videos

Mechanical Systems01:22

Mechanical Systems

Mechanical systems are analogous to to electrical networks where springs and masses play similar roles to inductors and capacitors, respectively. A viscous damper in mechanical systems functions similarly to a resistor in electrical networks, dissipating energy. The forces acting on a mass in such systems include an applied force in the direction of motion, counteracted by forces from the spring, a viscous damper, and the mass's acceleration. This interplay of forces is mathematically described...
Pivot Bearings01:23

Pivot Bearings

In mechanical systems, bearings are crucial in facilitating relative motion between two components while minimizing friction and wear. They help distribute various loads (radial, axial or a combination of both loads) across machinery parts, ensuring smooth and efficient operation.
A pivot bearing is a specialized type of bearing designed to support axial loads on a rotating shaft. The bearing surface, or the pivot, is positioned at the end of a shaft to support the axial thrust. The pivot may...
Mechanical Efficiency of Real Machines01:14

Mechanical Efficiency of Real Machines

The mechanical efficiency of a machine is a fundamental concept that describes how effectively a machine can convert input work into output work. According to this concept, the efficiency of a machine is equal to the ratio of the output work to the input work. An ideal machine, meaning a machine that has no energy losses, has an efficiency of one. This implies that the input work and the output work are equal.
However, in reality, no machine can be truly ideal, and all of them experience some...

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Updated: May 23, 2026

Scanning Electron Microscopic Evaluation of Surface Defects of Remover Retreatment File After Single and Multiple Uses
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Mechanical Performance and Biomechanical Implications of a Reduced-Taper Reciprocating Instrument Compared With 6

Filipa Neto1, Jorge N R Martins1,2,3,4, Rui F Martins5,6

  • 1Faculdade de Medicina Dentária, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.

International Endodontic Journal
|May 22, 2026
PubMed
Summary

The reduced-taper Reciproc Minima M25 offers superior cyclic fatigue resistance and flexibility compared to other nickel-titanium (NiTi) systems. This NiTi instrument also shows comparable torsional performance and reduced stress on surrounding dentine.

Keywords:
conservative endodonticsfinite element analysismechanical testingnickel–titanium instrumentsreciprocating motionroot canal preparation

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Area of Science:

  • Endodontics
  • Dental Materials Science
  • Biomechanical Engineering

Background:

  • Nickel-titanium (NiTi) instruments are crucial in endodontic procedures.
  • Evaluating the performance of different NiTi rotary and reciprocating systems is essential for clinical success.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the geometric, metallurgical, mechanical, and biomechanical properties of a reduced-taper reciprocating instrument against six established systems.
  • To assess the clinical viability of the Reciproc Minima M25 in endodontic treatments.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of 441 NiTi instruments from seven reciprocating systems using photographic analysis, SEM, 3D optical scanning, EDS, and DSC.
  • Mechanical testing included cyclic fatigue, torsional resistance, bending resistance, buckling resistance, cutting efficiency, and microhardness.
  • Finite element analysis (FEA) modeled stress distribution and deformation in a micro-CT derived premolar model.

Main Results:

  • Reciproc Minima M25 exhibited superior cyclic fatigue resistance and flexibility (longest time to fracture, highest angular rotation, lowest bending load).
  • Significant differences in mechanical parameters were observed across systems (p < 0.05).
  • FEA showed that reduced taper and smaller blade volume of Reciproc Minima M25 correlated with lower stress concentrations in dentine.

Conclusions:

  • The reduced-taper Reciproc Minima M25 demonstrates excellent cyclic fatigue resistance and flexibility.
  • It maintains high torsional performance comparable to other systems.
  • Its design may lead to reduced stress on surrounding dentine, enhancing safety in endodontic procedures.