Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Preparation of Diols and Pinacol Rearrangement01:57

Preparation of Diols and Pinacol Rearrangement

Compounds bearing two hydroxyl groups are known as diols. When the hydroxyl groups are located on adjacent carbon atoms, the diols are called vicinal diols or glycols. Under acidic conditions, vicinal diols undergo a specific reaction called pinacol rearrangement.
The reaction begins with transferring a proton from the acid catalyst to one of the hydroxyl groups, producing an oxonium ion.
Types of Step-Growth Polymers: Polyesters01:20

Types of Step-Growth Polymers: Polyesters

The introduction of polyesters has brought major development to the textile industry. The wrinkle-free behavior of polyester blends has eliminated the need for starching and ironing clothes.
Polyesters are commonly prepared from terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol; the crude product is known as poly(ethylene terephthalate) or PET. However, polyesters are synthesized industrially by transesterification of dimethyl terephthalate with ethylene glycol at 150 °C. The two reactants and the polymer...
Alkylation of β-Diester Enolates: Malonic Ester Synthesis01:14

Alkylation of β-Diester Enolates: Malonic Ester Synthesis

Malonic ester synthesis is a method to obtain α substituted carboxylic acids from ꞵ-diesters such as diethyl malonate and alkyl halides.
Loss of Carboxy Group as CO2: Decarboxylation of Malonic Acid Derivatives01:35

Loss of Carboxy Group as CO2: Decarboxylation of Malonic Acid Derivatives

Just like β-keto acids—which upon thermal decarboxylation form ketones—β-dicarboxylic acids undergo decarboxylation to generate monocarboxylic acids with the liberation of carbon dioxide.
Hydrolysis01:15

Hydrolysis

Overview
Hydrolysis is a chemical reaction in which the addition of water breaks down a polymer into its simpler monomer units. For example, peptides break into amino acids, carbohydrates into simple sugars, and DNA into nucleotides. Enzymes often facilitate these processes.
Hydrolysis Reverses Dehydration Synthesis
Complex carbohydrates can be broken down by breaking the bonds between individual sugar units. The reaction breaks a glycosidic bond as water is added to the compound. The...
Free-Radical Chain Reaction and Polymerization of Alkenes02:35

Free-Radical Chain Reaction and Polymerization of Alkenes

The conversion of alkenes to macromolecules called polymers is a reaction of high commercial importance. The structure of the polymer is defined by a repeating unit, while the terminal groups are considered insignificant. The average degree of polymerization represents the number of repeating units in the polymer molecule and is denoted by the subscript n.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

A hickory diacylglycerol acyltransferase gene coordinates fatty acid metabolism and aluminum tolerance in plants.

The New phytologist·2026
Same author

Effectiveness of a multidisciplinary "crisis checklist" on nursing performance during intraoperative cardiac arrest: A simulation-based study.

Scientific reports·2026
Same author

Drug Screening of Nitroreductase Modulators Using an Atomic-Engineered Activatable Fluorescent Probe for Tumor Imaging.

Journal of medicinal chemistry·2026
Same author

NDUFA4 Deletion Upregulates VDAC1 to Promote Mitochondrial Damage, Endoplasmic Reticulum Expansion, and Neuronal Apoptosis.

Human mutation·2026
Same author

Palladium-Catalyzed Carbonylative Alternating Copolymerization of Alkynols and Carbon Monoxide.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2026
Same author

A mitochondria-targeting NIR ratiometric fluorescent probe for visualizing the dynamics of vicinal dithiol-containing proteinsin a psoriasis mouse model.

Analytica chimica acta·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 23, 2026

Fabricating Degradable Thermoresponsive Hydrogels on Multiple Length Scales via Reactive Extrusion, Microfluidics, Self-assembly, and Electrospinning
12:07

Fabricating Degradable Thermoresponsive Hydrogels on Multiple Length Scales via Reactive Extrusion, Microfluidics, Self-assembly, and Electrospinning

Published on: April 16, 2018

Unlocking Random Poly(ether-ester-carbonate) Polyols with Ultralow Molecular Weight.

Can Liao1,2, Shunjie Liu1,2, Baoxin Zhang1,2

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin 130022, P. R. China.

ACS Macro Letters
|May 22, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed new poly(ether-ester-carbonate) polyols for high-performance polyurethanes (PUs). This versatile platform offers tailored compositions and improved properties, advancing PU precursor design.

More Related Videos

Depolymerizable Olefinic Polymers Based on Fused-Ring Cyclooctene Monomers
08:12

Depolymerizable Olefinic Polymers Based on Fused-Ring Cyclooctene Monomers

Published on: December 16, 2022

Stabilizing Hepatocellular Phenotype Using Optimized Synthetic Surfaces
08:50

Stabilizing Hepatocellular Phenotype Using Optimized Synthetic Surfaces

Published on: September 26, 2014

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 23, 2026

Fabricating Degradable Thermoresponsive Hydrogels on Multiple Length Scales via Reactive Extrusion, Microfluidics, Self-assembly, and Electrospinning
12:07

Fabricating Degradable Thermoresponsive Hydrogels on Multiple Length Scales via Reactive Extrusion, Microfluidics, Self-assembly, and Electrospinning

Published on: April 16, 2018

Depolymerizable Olefinic Polymers Based on Fused-Ring Cyclooctene Monomers
08:12

Depolymerizable Olefinic Polymers Based on Fused-Ring Cyclooctene Monomers

Published on: December 16, 2022

Stabilizing Hepatocellular Phenotype Using Optimized Synthetic Surfaces
08:50

Stabilizing Hepatocellular Phenotype Using Optimized Synthetic Surfaces

Published on: September 26, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Catalysis

Background:

  • High-performance polyurethanes (PUs) rely on polyol precursor molecular structure.
  • Existing polyols (polyester, polyether) have limitations in property regulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To engineer novel random poly(ether-ester-carbonate) polyols.
  • To enable tailored compositions for advanced PU precursors.

Main Methods:

  • Telomerization of anhydride/epoxide/CO2 using a supported aluminum porphyrin catalyst.
  • Utilized catalyst's proton tolerance for efficient polyol synthesis.

Main Results:

  • Achieved ultralow molecular weight polyols (0.8 kg/mol) with narrow dispersity (Đ = 1.08).
  • Supported catalyst demonstrated high proton tolerance and recyclability (≥3 cycles).
  • Produced near-white polyol products.

Conclusions:

  • Developed a versatile platform for designing next-generation PU precursors.
  • Demonstrated efficient synthesis of tailored poly(ether-ester-carbonate) polyols.
  • Highlighted the potential of supported catalysts in polymer synthesis.