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Related Concept Videos

Olfaction01:25

Olfaction

The sense of smell is achieved through the activities of the olfactory system. It starts when an airborne odorant enters the nasal cavity and reaches olfactory epithelium (OE). The OE is protected by a thin layer of mucus, which also serves the purpose of dissolving more complex compounds into simpler chemical odorants. The size of the OE and the density of sensory neurons varies among species; in humans, the OE is only about 9-10 cm2.
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Auditory Pathway01:15

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Auditory pathways constitute the complex neural circuits responsible for transmitting and interpreting auditory information from the peripheral auditory system to the brain. Sound waves are initially captured by the outer ear, funneled through the ear canal, and reach the tympanic membrane (eardrum). These vibrations are transmitted via the middle ear's ossicles to the inner ear's cochlea.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 24, 2026

Novel Object Recognition Test for the Investigation of Learning and Memory in Mice
08:52

Novel Object Recognition Test for the Investigation of Learning and Memory in Mice

Published on: August 30, 2017

Perirhinal input to auditory cortex supports memory-guided sensory perception.

Luca Godenzini1, Ann-Sofie Bjerre1,2, Yi Hu1

  • 1Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria 3000, Australia.

Science Advances
|May 22, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The perirhinal cortex (PRh) modulates auditory cortex during learning. PRh input shapes auditory perception and memory-guided behavior.

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Stereotactically-guided Ablation of the Rat Auditory Cortex, and Localization of the Lesion in the Brain

Published on: October 11, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Sensory Processing

Background:

  • The cortex forms sensory associations for behavior via learning and memory.
  • The influence of memory regions like the medial-temporal lobe on sensory cortex is not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how the perirhinal cortex (PRh) influences the auditory cortex during auditory learning and generalization.
  • To elucidate the role of PRh input in auditory discrimination and memory-guided sensory perception.

Main Methods:

  • Two-photon calcium imaging of PRh axonal projections to the auditory cortex in a learning task.
  • Auditory discrimination and categorization tasks.
  • Chemogenetic manipulation (silencing and photoactivation) of PRh input.

Main Results:

  • PRh input to the auditory cortex increased during learning and affected categorization performance.
  • Silencing PRh input disrupted auditory cortex layer 2/3 pyramidal neuron activity.
  • PRh photoactivation led to overgeneralization in behavior.

Conclusions:

  • PRh input is a critical modulator of auditory cortex dynamics during learning.
  • This pathway is essential for memory-guided auditory perception and behavioral adaptation.
  • Findings reveal a key mechanism for integrating memory and sensory processing.