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Updated: May 24, 2026

Applying Cheminformatics to Develop a Structure Searchable Database of Analytical Methods
Published on: June 6, 2025
Green analytical chemistry: From principles to modern evaluation tools
Qisheng Fang1, Xixian Weng1, Xiaorui Qiao1
1School of Chemical Engineering, Ocean and Life Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, PR China.
Abstract:
Green analytical chemistry (GAC) has matured from a conceptual initiative into a core discipline, underpinned by the global shift toward sustainability. Since the establishment of the Twelve Principles of Green Chemistry in 1999, the field has expanded considerably, leading to the creation of numerous systematic metrics for evaluating the environmental footprint of analytical methodologies. This review traces the historical development of GAC, from its initial emphasis on waste reduction to the incorporation of advanced techniques such as supercritical fluid extraction and microfluidic systems. We critically examine 28 established green assessment tools, including the National Environmental Methods Index (NEMI), Advanced NEMI, Modified NEMI, Analytical Eco-Scale, Green Certificate Modified Eco-Scale, Green Analytical Procedure Index (GAPI), ComplexGAPI, ComplexMoGAPI, Analytical GREEnness metric (AGREE), AGREEprep, Analytical Method Volume Intensity (AMVI), HPLC Environmental Assessment Tool (HPLC-EAT), Analytical Method Greenness Score (AMGS), RGB Additive Color Model (RGB), Blue Applicability Grade Index (BAGI), ChlorTox Scale (ChlorTox), Hexagonal Tool for Assessment of Analytical Methods (HEXAGON), Greenness Evaluation Metric for Analytical Methods (GEMAM), Sample Preparation Metric for Sustainability (SPMS), Chemical Hazard Evaluation for Management Strategies (CHEMS-1), Spider Diagram, Red Analytical Performance Index (RAPI), Violet Innovation Grade Index (VIGI), Analytical Green Star Area (AGSA), Click Analytical Chemistry Index (CACI), Multi-color Assessment Tool (MA tool), Carbon Footprint Reduction Index (CaFRI), and the Environmental, Performance, and Practicality Index (EPPI). Emerging paradigms, such as White Analytical Chemistry (WAC) and the Ten Principles of Green Sample Preparation, are also discussed. Through comparative analysis and suggestions for future refinement, this review provides a comprehensive guide for researchers in selecting and optimizing green evaluation protocols, thereby promoting the adoption of sustainable practices in pharmaceutical analysis, environmental monitoring, and chemical synthesis.
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