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Fluorescence and Phosphorescence: Instrumentation

Fluorescence and Phosphorescence: Instrumentation

Fluorometers and spectrofluorometers are two types of instruments used for measuring molecular fluorescence. These instruments differ in how they select excitation and emission wavelengths and the type of light sources they utilize. Fluorometers use absorption interference filters to choose excitation and emission wavelengths. The excitation source in a fluorometer is typically a low-pressure mercury vapor lamp that emits intense lines distributed throughout the ultraviolet and visible regions.

Super-resolution Fluorescence Microscopy

Super-resolution Fluorescence Microscopy

Super-resolution fluorescence microscopy (SRFM) provides a better resolution than conventional fluorescence microscopy by reducing the point spread function (PSF). PSF is the light intensity distribution from a point that causes it to appear blurred. Due to PSF, each fluorescing point appears bigger than its actual size, and it is the PSF interference of nearby fluorophores that causes the blurred image. Various approaches to achieving higher resolution through SRFM have recently been developed.

Flame Photometry: Overview

Flame Photometry: Overview

Flame photometry, also known as flame emission spectrometry, is a technique used for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of elements present in a sample using a flame as the source of excitation energy. The concept of flame photometry was realized in the early 1860s by Kirchhoff and Bunsen, who discovered that specific elements emit characteristic radiation when excited in flames. The first instrument developed for this purpose was used to measure sodium (Na) in plant ash using a Bunsen...

Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence Microscopy

Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence Microscopy

Total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy or TIRF is an advanced microscopic technique used to visualize fluorophores in samples close to a solid surface with a higher refractive index, such as a glass coverslip. TIRF only allows fluorophores in proximity to the solid surface to be excited. When light from a medium with a lower refractive index (such as air) hits the glass coverslip at a critical angle, the light undergoes total internal reflection stead of passing through the glass.

Photoluminescence: Applications

Photoluminescence: Applications

Photoluminescence offers a wide range of applications due to its inherent sensitivity and selectivity. This technique allows for both direct and indirect analyses of the analyte. Direct quantitative analysis is possible when the analyte exhibits a favorable quantum yield for fluorescence or phosphorescence. However, an indirect analysis may be feasible if the analyte is not fluorescent or phosphorescent, or if the quantum yield is unfavorable. Indirect methods include reacting the analyte with...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 24, 2026

High-resolution Thermal Micro-imaging Using Europium Chelate Luminescent Coatings

High-resolution Thermal Micro-imaging Using Europium Chelate Luminescent Coatings

Published on: April 16, 2017

Angle-based fluorescence thermometry with high sensitivity and high resolution.

Xuanzheng Zhou¹, Kang Xu², Zekai Li¹

¹School of Microelectronics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, PR China.

Nature Communications

|May 22, 2026

Summary

A new fluorescence thermometry method uses emission angle shifts for precise, stable temperature sensing. This angle-resolved approach overcomes limitations of intensity-based methods, enabling reliable thermal management.

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Last Updated: May 24, 2026

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Published on: April 16, 2017

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Optics
Nanotechnology

Background:

Fluorescence thermometry enables non-contact, high-resolution temperature sensing.
Existing methods struggle with simultaneous high sensitivity, stability, and insensitivity to non-thermal factors.

Purpose of the Study:

Introduce a novel sensing paradigm for fluorescence-based thermometry.
Translate temperature variations into detectable shifts in fluorescence emission angle.
Develop a robust and customizable temperature sensing solution.

Main Methods:

Utilize grating-modulated fluorescence emission to couple temperature to emission angle.
Employ a prototype device with a gold grating and [Ru(phen)₃]Cl₂ fluorophores.
Implement angle-resolved detection to distinguish thermal signals from noise.

Main Results:

Achieve high absolute sensitivity (0.58 °/°C) and relative sensitivity (81.34 %/°C) at 79.36 °C.
Demonstrate a temperature resolution as fine as 0.01 °C.
Showcase robustness across wide humidity ranges (10-89% RH) and operational stability over 12 hours.

Conclusions:

The angle-resolved fluorescence thermometry approach offers superior sensitivity and stability.
This method effectively isolates thermal signals, overcoming limitations of intensity-based techniques.
The customizable platform provides a pathway for advanced thermal management in engineering systems.