Toward Gender-Aware Digital Twins for Modeling Cognitive Decline

Digital twins (DTs) are increasingly used to model health trajectories, yet most frameworks remain gender neutral. This paper synthesizes evidence on sex- and gender-related differences relevant to digital twin modeling of cognitive decline. Reported differences in cognitive performance, disease progression, and biological risk factors implicate significantly diagnostic accuracy and model performance. These findings point to the relevance of gender-aware digital twin designs, with particular attention to transparent and equitable interpretation of model-derived information.