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Integrating the Learning, Cognition, AI, and Pedagogy (L-CAP) Framework into Health Professions Education
Pushpa Kumarapeli1, Simon de Lusignan2, Tia Haddad1
1School of Computer Science and Mathematics, Kingston University London, UK.
Studies in Health Technology and Informatics
|May 23, 2026
Summary
This study introduces the Learning, Cognition, AI, and Pedagogy (L-CAP) framework to integrate artificial intelligence (AI) into health professions education. L-CAP offers a structured approach to prepare future clinicians for AI-enabled healthcare practices.
Area of Science:
- Medical Education
- Health Professions Education
- Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare
Background:
- Traditional health professions education is shifting towards competency-based and student-centered learning.
- Integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into medical and health professions curricula is currently limited.
- Future clinicians require foundational knowledge in AI, data literacy, and ethics for AI-enabled practice.
Purpose of the Study:
- To extend the Learning, Cognition, AI, and Pedagogy (L-CAP) framework for health professions education.
- To provide a structured, human-centered model for embedding AI into medical and allied health curricula.
- To support the development of AI-informed and cognitively grounded health professions education.
Main Methods:
- Extension of the L-CAP framework, grounded in cognitive science, pedagogy, and software architecture.
- The L-CAP framework comprises four interdependent layers: Learning, Cognition, AI, and Pedagogy.
- A Plan-Orchestrate-Assess-Reflect workflow links the framework's layers.
Main Results:
- The L-CAP framework offers a structured model for integrating AI into health professions education.
- It supports applications in clinical reasoning, inter-professional learning, and ethics education.
- Preliminary feedback indicates L-CAP is clear, adaptable, and suitable for diverse health curricula.
Conclusions:
- The L-CAP framework provides a practical bridge between pedagogy and AI technology in health professions education.
- It facilitates the integration of AI fundamentals, data literacy, and ethics.
- L-CAP aims to better prepare future clinicians for an AI-influenced healthcare landscape.
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