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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 24, 2026

Dissociation of the Confounding Influences of Expectancy and Integrative Difficulty Residing in Anomalous Sentences in Event-related Potential Studies

Dissociation of the Confounding Influences of Expectancy and Integrative Difficulty Residing in Anomalous Sentences in Event-related Potential Studies

Published on: May 9, 2019

Prior Expectations Bias Confidence Judgments Through Parietal Alpha-Band Modulation.

Luca Tarasi¹, Anna Pasini¹, Domenico Romanazzi¹

¹Centro Studi e Ricerche in Neuroscienze Cognitive, Dipartimento di Psicologia "Renzo Canestrari", Campus di Cesena, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, Cesena, Italy.

Advanced Science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)

|May 23, 2026

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Prior information influences metacognitive bias, a confidence judgment. Parietal alpha brainwave activity in the right parietal cortex was identified as a key mechanism influencing this bias.

Keywords:

TMS alpha oscillations confidence metacognitive bias prior expectations

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Published on: July 26, 2019

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Last Updated: May 24, 2026

Dissociation of the Confounding Influences of Expectancy and Integrative Difficulty Residing in Anomalous Sentences in Event-related Potential Studies

Dissociation of the Confounding Influences of Expectancy and Integrative Difficulty Residing in Anomalous Sentences in Event-related Potential Studies

Published on: May 9, 2019

Detecting Pre-Stimulus Source-Level Effects on Object Perception with Magnetoencephalography

Detecting Pre-Stimulus Source-Level Effects on Object Perception with Magnetoencephalography

Published on: July 26, 2019

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Cognitive Psychology
Computational Psychiatry

Background:

Humans can assess their decision accuracy via confidence judgments.
The influence of prior information on confidence and its neural basis are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate how prior expectations shape metacognitive bias.
To identify the neural mechanisms, specifically oscillatory activity, underlying this influence.

Main Methods:

Two studies utilized a visual detection task with probabilistic cues.
Study 1 used electroencephalography (EEG) to measure brain activity.
Study 2 employed continuous Theta-Burst Stimulation (cTBS) to modulate brain activity.

Main Results:

Probabilistic cues induced a metacognitive bias dependent on cue-response congruence.
Right-parietal alpha modulation correlated with individual differences in metacognitive bias.
Disrupting right-parietal alpha with cTBS selectively reduced this metacognitive bias.

Conclusions:

Parietal alpha modulation is a causal mechanism for predictive metacognition.
This oscillatory activity selectively shapes metacognitive bias based on prior expectations.