Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients01:15

Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients

Elderly individuals encompass a diverse population with varying degrees of age-related physiological changes. Defining the elderly presents challenges, as the geriatric population is often arbitrarily categorized as individuals older than 65. However, many individuals in this group lead active and healthy lives, with an increasing number surpassing 85 years and falling into the older elderly category. Physiological changes associated with aging impact performance capacity and homeostatic...
Pharmacodynamic Responses: Different Types01:03

Pharmacodynamic Responses: Different Types

Pharmacodynamics is the scientific study of a drug's biochemical or physiological influence on the body. It categorizes responses into continuous, discrete (or categorical), and time-to-event outcomes. Continuous responses yield numerical values within a certain range, such as blood pressure readings and blood glucose levels, gauging the efficacy of antihypertensive and antidiabetic drugs. Discrete responses can be binary, indicating whether a drug has an effect or not, or ordinal, exemplifying...
Impact of Pharmacokinetic–Pharmacodynamic Models: Regulatory Decisions01:15

Impact of Pharmacokinetic–Pharmacodynamic Models: Regulatory Decisions

PK–PD modeling has significantly influenced FDA regulatory decisions, particularly drug approval, dosage optimization, and labeling. These models integrate pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) to predict drug behavior and effects, aiding in optimizing dosing regimens and enhancing the probability of clinical trial success.One notable example is Nesiritide (Natrecor®), a recombinant human brain natriuretic peptide for treating acute decompensated congestive heart failure (CHF).
Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Dose Adjustments Due to Hepatic Impairment01:08

Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Dose Adjustments Due to Hepatic Impairment

Hepatic impairment, characterized by decreased liver function, does not uniformly mandate adjustments in drug dosage. Whether dosage modifications are necessary depends on various factors related to the drug's metabolism and elimination pathways. If a drug is primarily excreted via the kidneys and bypasses significant hepatic processing, if it undergoes minimal metabolic transformation in the liver, or if it is volatile and primarily expelled through the lungs, dose adjustments may not be...
Factors Affecting Drug Response: Overview01:21

Factors Affecting Drug Response: Overview

When it comes to infants and young children, they are typically administered smaller doses of medication in comparison to adults. This is primarily because their organ functions still need to fully develop, meaning their bodies are not as efficient at metabolizing or eliminating drugs. Additionally, their blood-brain barrier is more permeable than in adults. As a result, high concentrations of drugs can easily penetrate the central nervous system (CNS), potentially leading to neurological...
Pharmacokinetic–Pharmacodynamic Relationship: Problems01:24

Pharmacokinetic–Pharmacodynamic Relationship: Problems

The empirical approach to drug therapy optimization relies on correlating pharmacological response with administered dosage. Such an approach can be costly, time-consuming, and often yields poor correlation due to variables like formulation factors and drug elimination characteristics. A more precise approach correlates response with plasma drug concentration or the amount of drug in the body, rather than dosage. This is achieved through pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) modeling, which...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

A randomized, triple-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel study of the efficacy of D-mannose for urinary tract infection symptoms in women.

Current urology·2026
Same author

Academic calendar and suicide-related emergency department visits among adolescents in Louisiana, 2021-2023.

Journal of affective disorders·2026
Same author

Consensus Building on Strategies That Address Medical Mistrust to Better Engage Priority Populations in HIV Cure Research.

Behavioral medicine (Washington, D.C.)·2026
Same author

Assessment of wellbeing programming for student pharmacists: A continuous quality improvement project.

Currents in pharmacy teaching & learning·2025
Same author

Participant Perspectives in an HIV Treatment Interruption Study in San Francisco, United States.

AIDS research and human retroviruses·2025
Same author

Dogs can Generalize from Cotton Training Aids to Fecal Matter in Chronic Wasting Disease Detection.

Journal of wildlife diseases·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 26, 2026

Inverse Probability of Treatment Weighting (Propensity Score) using the Military Health System Data Repository and National Death Index
06:55

Inverse Probability of Treatment Weighting (Propensity Score) using the Military Health System Data Repository and National Death Index

Published on: January 8, 2020

Patient response to changes in available Medicare Part D coverage plans: A case study.

Tyler S Dougherty1, Krishna Mahida1, Elizabeth Nguyen1

  • 1South College School of Pharmacy Knoxville, Tennessee.

Journal of the American Pharmacists Association : Japha
|May 24, 2026
PubMed
Summary

When community pharmacies stop accepting certain Medicare Part D plans, many patients switch plans. Clear communication from pharmacies can help retain patients despite these changes.

Keywords:
Medicare Part Dcommunity pharmacypharmacy benefit managersplan switching

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 26, 2026

Inverse Probability of Treatment Weighting (Propensity Score) using the Military Health System Data Repository and National Death Index
06:55

Inverse Probability of Treatment Weighting (Propensity Score) using the Military Health System Data Repository and National Death Index

Published on: January 8, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Health Economics
  • Pharmacy Practice
  • Patient Behavior Analysis

Background:

  • Medicare Part D offers prescription drug coverage to beneficiaries.
  • Community pharmacies face financial challenges due to low reimbursement rates from pharmacy benefit managers.
  • Pharmacies may opt out of certain plans, impacting patient access and revenue.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze patient behavioral shifts when a community pharmacy discontinues acceptance of specific Medicare Part D plans.
  • To understand the impact of pharmacy decisions on patient plan selection and pharmacy utilization.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of Medicare Part D plan data from 2025-2026.
  • Evaluation of patient prescription purchasing patterns after notification of non-accepted plans.
  • Comparison of patient behavior for accepted versus non-accepted Medicare Part D plans.

Main Results:

  • Over half of participants (51.26%) switched Medicare Part D plans.
  • A majority of patients (67.23%) continued using the community pharmacy, even with non-accepted plans.
  • 19.33% of patients whose plans were not accepted transferred their prescriptions elsewhere.

Conclusions:

  • Medicare Part D plan switching rates exceeded national averages following pharmacy decisions to drop certain plans.
  • Effective communication strategies can mitigate patient loss during open enrollment periods.
  • Pharmacy decisions on plan acceptance significantly influence patient choices and pharmacy patronage.