Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Catalysis02:50

Catalysis

The presence of a catalyst affects the rate of a chemical reaction. A catalyst is a substance that can increase the reaction rate without being consumed during the process. A basic comprehension of a catalysts’ role during chemical reactions can be understood from the concept of reaction mechanisms and energy diagrams.
Catalysis01:27

Catalysis

Catalysis influences the rate of chemical reactions by providing an alternative reaction pathway with lower activation energy. A catalyst speeds up a reaction, but it is not consumed during the process. The fundamental principle of catalysis is the ability of a catalyst to alter the reaction mechanism, often introducing a more efficient pathway than the uncatalyzed process.In a catalyzed reaction, the catalyst participates directly in the reaction mechanism. It interacts with reactants to form...
Turnover Number and Catalytic Efficiency01:19

Turnover Number and Catalytic Efficiency

The turnover number of an enzyme is the maximum number of substrate molecules it can transform per unit time. Turnover numbers for most enzymes range from 1 to 1000 molecules per second. Catalase has the known highest turnover number, capable of converting up to 2.8×106 molecules of hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen per second. Lysozyme has the lowest known turnover number of half a molecule per second.
Chymotrypsin is a pancreatic enzyme that breaks down proteins during digestion. The...
Catalytically Perfect Enzymes01:07

Catalytically Perfect Enzymes

The theory of catalytically perfect enzymes was first proposed by W.J. Albery and J. R. Knowles in 1976. These enzymes catalyze biochemical reactions at high-speed. Their catalytic efficiency values range from 108-109 M-1s-1. These enzymes are also called 'diffusion-controlled' as the only rate-limiting step in the catalysis is that of the substrate diffusion into the active site. Examples include triose phosphate isomerase, fumarase, and superoxide dismutase.
Heterogeneous Catalysis01:22

Heterogeneous Catalysis

Heterogeneous catalysis involves a catalyst in a different phase from the reactants. It is a process where the catalyst and the reactants are in distinct phases, typically solid and gas or liquid.Most heterogeneous catalysts are metals, metal oxides, or acids. The list includes transition metals like iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), palladium (Pd), platinum (Pt), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), tungsten (W), silver (Ag), and copper (Cu). These metals possess partially vacant d orbitals that...
Reaction Mechanisms: Rate-limiting Step Approximation01:29

Reaction Mechanisms: Rate-limiting Step Approximation

The rate-determining step, or RDS, in a chemical reaction is the slowest step that determines the overall reaction rate. It is identified by using the observed rate law and typically involves approximation methods like the RDS approximation or the steady-state approximation.In the RDS approximation, also known as the rate-limiting-step or equilibrium approximation, the reaction mechanism consists of one or more reversible reactions near equilibrium, followed by a slower RDS, and then one or...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Making Existing Quantum Position Verification Protocols Secure Against Arbitrary Transmission Loss.

Physical review letters·2026
Same author

Single-Qubit Loss-Tolerant Quantum Position Verification Protocol Secure against Entangled Attackers.

Physical review letters·2023
Same author

Wood structure explained by complex spatial source-sink interactions.

Nature communications·2022
Same author

Asymptotic Performance of Port-Based Teleportation.

Communications in mathematical physics·2021
Same author

Quantum communication complexity advantage implies violation of a Bell inequality.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2016
Same journal

Tree-Packing Revisited: Faster Fully Dynamic Min-Cut and Arboricity.

Algorithmica·2026
Same journal

A General Upper Bound for the Runtime of a Coevolutionary Algorithm on Impartial Combinatorial Games.

Algorithmica·2026
Same journal

Parameterized Complexities of Dominating and Independent Set Reconfiguration.

Algorithmica·2026
Same journal

The SLO Hierarchy of Pseudo-Boolean Functions and Runtime of Evolutionary Algorithms.

Algorithmica·2026
Same journal

From Data Completion to Problems on Hypercubes: A Parameterized Analysis of the Independent Set Problem.

Algorithmica·2025
Same journal

A Clique-Based Separator for Intersection Graphs of Geodesic Disks in [Formula: see text].

Algorithmica·2025
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 26, 2026

Multiscale Sampling of a Heterogeneous Water/Metal Catalyst Interface using Density Functional Theory and Force-Field Molecular Dynamics
10:52

Multiscale Sampling of a Heterogeneous Water/Metal Catalyst Interface using Density Functional Theory and Force-Field Molecular Dynamics

Published on: April 12, 2019

Fully Characterizing Lossy Catalytic Computation.

Marten Folkertsma1,2, Ian Mertz3, Florian Speelman4,2

  • 1CWI, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

Algorithmica
|May 25, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study characterizes lossy catalytic space, showing that a small number of errors on a catalytic tape is equivalent to increased working memory in errorless catalytic machines. This finding establishes a barrier for improving the power of lossy catalytic logspace beyond constant errors.

More Related Videos

Fabrication and Testing of Catalytic Aerogels Prepared Via Rapid Supercritical Extraction
09:28

Fabrication and Testing of Catalytic Aerogels Prepared Via Rapid Supercritical Extraction

Published on: August 31, 2018

Synthesis and Performance Characterizations of Transition Metal Single Atom Catalyst for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction
10:57

Synthesis and Performance Characterizations of Transition Metal Single Atom Catalyst for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction

Published on: April 10, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 26, 2026

Multiscale Sampling of a Heterogeneous Water/Metal Catalyst Interface using Density Functional Theory and Force-Field Molecular Dynamics
10:52

Multiscale Sampling of a Heterogeneous Water/Metal Catalyst Interface using Density Functional Theory and Force-Field Molecular Dynamics

Published on: April 12, 2019

Fabrication and Testing of Catalytic Aerogels Prepared Via Rapid Supercritical Extraction
09:28

Fabrication and Testing of Catalytic Aerogels Prepared Via Rapid Supercritical Extraction

Published on: August 31, 2018

Synthesis and Performance Characterizations of Transition Metal Single Atom Catalyst for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction
10:57

Synthesis and Performance Characterizations of Transition Metal Single Atom Catalyst for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction

Published on: April 10, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Theoretical Computer Science
  • Computational Complexity Theory
  • Automata Theory

Background:

  • Catalytic machines offer enhanced computational power beyond traditional space-bounded models.
  • Catalytic logspace (CL) utilizes a special tape that must remain unchanged.
  • Lossy catalytic logspace (LCL[e]) allows a limited number of errors (e) on the catalytic tape.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To fully characterize the computational power of lossy catalytic space (LCSPACE[s,c,e]).
  • To relate lossy catalytic space to standard catalytic space (CSPACE[s,c]).
  • To investigate the implications of LCL[e] = CL for complexity classes.

Main Methods:

  • Formal analysis of space and tape requirements for lossy catalytic machines.
  • Derivation of equivalences between LCSPACE[s,c,e] and CSPACE[s,c].
  • Establishing complexity-theoretic consequences of the characterized equivalences.

Main Results:

  • LCSPACE[s,c,e] is equivalent to CSPACE[Θ(s + e log c), Θ(c)], meaning 'e' errors add e log c working memory.
  • This characterization implies that LCL[e] = CL for any 'e' is equivalent to SPACE[e log n] ⊆ ZPP.
  • A fundamental barrier is identified for improving lossy catalytic logspace beyond constant errors.

Conclusions:

  • The catalytic condition's robustness to minor deviations is precisely quantified.
  • The study provides a complete characterization of lossy catalytic space complexity.
  • Results offer insights into the power of catalytic computation and its relation to standard complexity classes.