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Related Concept Videos

The Y Chromosome Determines Maleness02:19

The Y Chromosome Determines Maleness

The Y chromosome is a sex chromosome found in several vertebrates and mammals, including humans. In addition to 22 pairs of autosomes, the human males have one X chromosome and one Y chromosome. In these organisms, the presence or absence of the Y chromosome determines the development of male traits.
Evolution
Around 300 million years ago, the two sex chromosomes diverged from two identical autosomal chromosomes. Over time, the Y chromosome has lost most of its genes, shrinking in size. Today,...
Socioemotional Experience and Gender Development01:30

Socioemotional Experience and Gender Development

Social-emotional experiences and cultural influences play significant roles in shaping gender development. During middle childhood, from ages 6 to 11, peer groups become dominant in reinforcing gender norms. Children in this age group often align with same-gender peer groups, which actively encourage behaviors that conform to traditional gender roles. For instance, boys may be discouraged from engaging in activities perceived as feminine, reinforcing culturally dictated norms about masculinity...
X and Y Chromosomes02:32

X and Y Chromosomes

Among mammals, the gender of an organism is determined by the sex chromosomes. Humans have two sex chromosomes, X and Y. Every human diploid cell has 22 pairs of autosomes and one pair of sex chromosomes. A human female has two X chromosomes, while a male has one X chromosome and one Y chromosome.
The germline cells such as egg and sperm cells carry only half the number of chromosomes, i.e., 22 autosomes and one sex chromosome. All eggs have an X chromosome, while sperm cells can carry an X or...
Stereotype Threat and Self-fulfilling Prophecies02:09

Stereotype Threat and Self-fulfilling Prophecies

When we hold a stereotype about a person, we have expectations that he or she will fulfill that stereotype. A self-fulfilling prophecy is an expectation held by a person that alters his or her behavior in a way that tends to make it true. When we hold stereotypes about a person, we tend to treat the person according to our expectations. This treatment can influence the person to act according to our stereotypic expectations, thus confirming our stereotypic beliefs. Research by Rosenthal and...
Stereotype Content Model02:16

Stereotype Content Model

The Stereotype Content Model (SCM) was first proposed by Susan Fiske and her colleagues (Fiske, Cuddy, Glick & Xu, 2002; see also Fiske, 2012 and Fiske, 2017). The SCM specifies that when someone encounters a new group, they will stereotype them based on two metrics: warmth—or that group’s perceived intent, and how likely they are to provide help or inflict harm—and competence—or their ability to carry out that objective. Depending on the warmth-competence categorization, a person will feel...
Qualitative Analysis03:46

Qualitative Analysis

For solutions containing mixtures of different cations, the identity of each cation can be determined by qualitative analysis. This technique involves a series of selective precipitations with different chemical reagents, each reaction producing a characteristic precipitate for a specific group of cations. Metal ions within a group are further separated by varying the pH, heating the mixture to redissolve a precipitate, or adding other reagents to form complex ions.
For instance, group IV...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 26, 2026

Loneliness Assuaged: Eye-Tracking an Audience Watching Barrage Videos
06:45

Loneliness Assuaged: Eye-Tracking an Audience Watching Barrage Videos

Published on: May 29, 2020

Analyzing gendered patterns in sentiments in comments under STEM YouTube channels.

Isha Karn1, N Ilakiyaselvan1, V Kalyanasundaram1

  • 1School of Computer Science and Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India.

Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence
|May 25, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Gender bias persists in online science discussions. Female STEM creators receive more negative comments, often personal or appearance-based, unlike male creators whose comments focus on content.

Keywords:
Latent Dirichlet AllocationRoBERTaSTEMYouTube commentsgender representationnatural language processingsentiment analysis

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 26, 2026

Loneliness Assuaged: Eye-Tracking an Audience Watching Barrage Videos
06:45

Loneliness Assuaged: Eye-Tracking an Audience Watching Barrage Videos

Published on: May 29, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Social Sciences
  • Computer Science
  • Gender Studies

Background:

  • Gender equality efforts in STEM are ongoing.
  • Online spaces like YouTube may still exhibit gender biases.
  • Inequalities persist in women's representation within STEM fields.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate gender-based sentiment and discourse disparities in STEM YouTube comments.
  • To analyze online communication patterns related to gender in STEM content.

Main Methods:

  • A mixed-methods approach analyzed comments from over 100 STEM YouTube channels.
  • Utilized the YouTube Data API for data collection.
  • Employed RoBERTa for sentiment analysis and Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) for topic modeling.

Main Results:

  • Significant differences in sentiment distribution were observed between genders.
  • Female-hosted STEM channels received more negative comments, focusing on personal criticism and appearance.
  • Male-hosted channels had more neutral comments, centered on content.

Conclusions:

  • The study reveals prevalent gender bias in online STEM discussions.
  • Online platforms reflect societal gender inequalities.
  • Addressing online gender bias is crucial for fostering inclusive STEM communities.