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Pediatric Lymphoma in Jordan: A Retrospective Single-Center Study of Clinical Presentation, Treatment, and Outcomes

Mousa A Qatawneh1, Moath Altarawneh1, Ayman Alhwayan1

  • 1Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Royal Medical Services, Queen Rania Children's Hospital, Amman, JOR.

Cureus
|May 25, 2026
PubMed

Insights

Pediatric lymphoma in Jordan often presents at advanced stages, especially non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), leading to higher mortality. Early diagnosis and biomarker use are crucial for improving outcomes in childhood lymphoma.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric oncology
  • Hematology
  • Cancer epidemiology

Background:

  • Pediatric lymphoma (Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin) is a major childhood cancer.
  • Limited data exists on pediatric lymphoma in Middle Eastern populations.
  • This study addresses this gap by analyzing cases from Jordan.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize clinical features, biomarkers, treatments, and outcomes of pediatric Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) in Jordan.
  • To identify factors associated with treatment response and survival.
  • To inform strategies for improved pediatric lymphoma care in the region.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 49 pediatric lymphoma patients (0-16 years) diagnosed between 2015-2024 in Jordan.
  • Data collection included demographics, clinical presentation, laboratory markers (CRP, LDH), treatment, and outcomes.
  • Statistical analysis involved chi-square/Fisher's exact tests, Mann-Whitney U tests, and Kaplan-Meier survival curves.

Main Results:

  • A high proportion (77.5%) of patients were diagnosed at advanced stages.
  • Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) cases frequently involved aggressive subtypes and showed higher CRP and LDH levels compared to Hodgkin lymphoma (HL).
  • Complete remission was achieved in 50% of treatment-evaluable patients; mortality (26.5%) and relapse (15%) occurred primarily in advanced NHL.

Conclusions:

  • Pediatric lymphoma in Jordan is frequently diagnosed late, particularly NHL, which is linked to increased mortality.
  • There is an urgent need for earlier diagnosis and targeted therapies.
  • Biomarkers like lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and C-reactive protein (CRP) can aid risk assessment and improve patient outcomes.
Abstract

Keywords:
biomarkerschildhodgkin lymphomajordannon hodgkin's lymphoma

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