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Effective Analysis of Human Exposure Conditions with Body-worn Dosimeters in the 2.4 GHz Band
Published on: May 2, 2018
Gender Differentiation Based Mobile Terminal Electromagnetic Exposure Safety Analysis and Corresponding Antenna
Wen-Ying Zhou1,2, Ming-Fei Luo1, Pan-Pan Wang3
1Key Laboratory of Opto-Electronic Technology and Intelligent Control of Ministry of Education, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, China.
Bioelectromagnetics
|May 25, 2026
Summary
5G mobile terminal use raises electromagnetic exposure concerns. This study found higher specific absorption rate (SAR) in males, especially reproductive organs, and demonstrated antenna miniaturization effectively reduces SAR, enhancing mobile safety.
Area of Science:
- Biomedical Engineering
- Electromagnetics
- Public Health
Background:
- Rapid 5G technology advancement necessitates evaluating near-field electromagnetic exposure from mobile devices.
- Potential risks to vital organs and reproductive health from mobile terminal exposure require investigation.
- Gender-specific differences in tissue dielectric properties and their impact on electromagnetic absorption are often overlooked.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze the influence of gender on near-field electromagnetic exposure by calculating gender-specific dielectric properties of organ tissues.
- To propose and evaluate antenna miniaturization as an active electromagnetic protective measure to reduce specific absorption rate (SAR).
Main Methods:
- Finite element modeling was used to create detailed male and female human models.
- Models incorporated reproductive systems and key organs to assess SAR at 2.6 GHz and 3.5 GHz.
- Specific absorption rate (SAR) was calculated before and after miniaturizing a MIMO mobile terminal antenna.
Main Results:
- Significantly higher SAR values were observed in male tissues, particularly reproductive organs, compared to female tissues.
- Antenna miniaturization resulted in a peak SAR reduction exceeding 30% across multiple tissues.
- The study confirmed gender-based disparities in electromagnetic energy absorption.
Conclusions:
- Gender differences significantly influence near-field electromagnetic exposure from mobile terminals.
- Antenna miniaturization is a feasible and effective active measure for enhancing mobile terminal safety.
- This research underscores the importance of considering gender in the design of safer mobile devices.
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