Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Block Diagram Reduction01:22

Block Diagram Reduction

The process of deriving the transfer function of a control system often involves reducing its block diagram to a single block. This simplification can be achieved through a series of strategic operations, including relocating branch points and comparators. These operations preserve the overall function of the system while allowing for easier manipulation and combination of blocks.
The first step in this process is the identification and relocation of a branch point. A branch point, where a...
Elements of Block Diagrams01:25

Elements of Block Diagrams

Block diagrams serve as a visual representation of the input-output relationships within a system. An illustrative example is a heating system, where the set temperature activates the furnace to warm the room to the desired level. Block diagrams are versatile, modeling linear systems through Laplace transform variables and nonlinear systems using time domain variables.
A block diagram typically includes essential elements such as comparators, blocks, and feedback loops. Each of these elements...
Issues And Trends In Healthcare Delivery System01:29

Issues And Trends In Healthcare Delivery System

The issues and trends in healthcare delivery are constantly changing. The COVID-19 pandemic is one recent issue that wreaked havoc on healthcare systems, causing a shortage of healthcare workers, high demand for medicines and supplies, and increased medical expenditure due to a lack of insurance. Other issues include rising healthcare costs and care fragmentation.
Cost Containment
Payment for healthcare services has historically promoted adoption of costly and often unnecessary or inefficient...
Relation between Mathematical Equations and Block Diagrams01:20

Relation between Mathematical Equations and Block Diagrams

In a spring-mass-damper system, the second-order differential equation describes the dynamic behavior of the system. When transformed into the Laplace domain under zero initial conditions, this equation can be effectively analyzed and manipulated. The transformation into the Laplace domain converts differential equations into algebraic equations, simplifying the process of isolating the output.
BIBO stability of continuous and discrete -time systems01:24

BIBO stability of continuous and discrete -time systems

System stability is a fundamental concept in signal processing, often assessed using convolution. For a system to be considered bounded-input bounded-output (BIBO) stable, any bounded input signal must produce a bounded output signal. A bounded input signal is one where the modulus does not exceed a certain constant at any point in time.
To determine the BIBO stability, the convolution integral is utilized when a bounded continuous-time input is applied to a Linear Time-Invariant (LTI) system.
Distribution Reliability and Automation01:25

Distribution Reliability and Automation

Distribution reliability in electrical power systems is critical for ensuring an uninterrupted power supply to consumers at minimal cost. According to IEEE Standard Terms, reliability is the probability that a device will function without failure over a specified time period or amount of usage. For electric power distribution, this translates to maintaining continuous power supply and addressing customer concerns over power outages. Several indices, as defined by IEEE Standard 1366-2012, are...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

How to monitor response to biologics in children with severe asthma.

Paediatric respiratory reviews·2026
Same author

Youth vaping: an under-recognised risk behaviour in paediatric emergency care.

Paediatric respiratory reviews·2026
Same author

ALARA+: Summit on Radiation and Orthopedic Risks in Fluoroscopic Laboratories.

Journal of the Society for Cardiovascular Angiography & Interventions·2026
Same author

Molecular Interactions of Precocene Derivatives in Crystal Structures and in Silico Evaluation of Their Binding to Estrogen Receptors.

Chemistry, an Asian journal·2026
Same author

Artificial Intelligence in Phenylketonuria: Bridging Conventional Gaps in Diagnosis and Treatment- A Systematic Review.

Reviews on recent clinical trials·2026
Same author

ALARA+: Summit on Radiation and Orthopedic Risks in Fluoroscopic Laboratories.

Heart rhythm·2026
Same journal

A Video Protocol of a Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial - Electrochemotherapy of Cutaneous Metastases with Reduced Dose Bleomycin (BLESS Trial).

Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE·2026
Same journal

A Standardized Ex Vivo Porcine Oromucosal Model for Evaluating Peptide Fluxes.

Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE·2026
Same journal

Lightweight English Text Classification with Deep Learning Based on Complex System Theory.

Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE·2026
Same journal

Integrating Artificial Intelligence-Assisted Translation Support into English Courses: Effects on Translation Accuracy, Perceived Stress, and Anxiety.

Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE·2026
Same journal

A Toxin-Based Counter-Selection System for Markerless Gene Deletion and High-Density Tn5 Transposon Mutagenesis in Pectobacterium brasiliense.

Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE·2026
Same journal

Seamless Multimodal Human-Robot Communication: Integration Techniques in Human-Computer Interaction.

Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Videos

Formal Verification of Blockchain Consensus Mechanisms Using Event-B.

Atul Gupta1, Divakar Yadav2, Raghuraj Singh Suryavanshi3

  • 1Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology, AKTU; atul.gupta@psit.ac.in.

Journal of Visualized Experiments : Jove
|May 25, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a formal verification framework for blockchain consensus mechanisms and smart contracts. Machine-checked proofs ensure enhanced correctness and robustness for blockchain systems.

Related Experiment Videos

Area of Science:

  • Computer Science
  • Formal Methods
  • Blockchain Technology

Background:

  • Current blockchain verification relies on simulation or isolated contract validation.
  • Formal methods offer rigorous assurance but are complex to apply to blockchain protocols.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Develop a formally grounded verification framework for blockchain consensus and smart contracts.
  • Integrate Finite State Machine (FSM) abstraction, invariant-driven proof, and temporal logic verification.

Main Methods:

  • Abstracted Solidity smart contracts into FSMs and encoded them as Event-B machines.
  • Verified safety properties (e.g., transaction uniqueness, ledger invariants) using Rodin.
  • Validated liveness properties (e.g., deadlock freedom) via model checking.

Main Results:

  • Generated 312 proof obligations; 92% were automatically discharged.
  • Achieved complete invariant coverage with machine-checked proofs.
  • Demonstrated deadlock freedom and correct validator selection in Proof of Stake.

Conclusions:

  • Formal verification provides verifiable correctness guarantees beyond simulation.
  • The framework establishes a rigorous and reproducible pipeline for blockchain systems.
  • Enhances correctness assurance and protocol-level robustness in blockchain technology.