Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Hypertension: Classification and Pathogenesis01:30

Pulmonary Hypertension: Classification and Pathogenesis

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a severe health condition in which the mean pulmonary arterial pressure increases to 25 mmHg or more, even when the body is at rest. This high pressure in the blood vessels that transport blood from the heart to the lungs can cause various symptoms, including shortness of breath, can lead to right heart failure, and significantly affect the overall quality of life.
There are various classifications for PH, each relating to different underlying causes and also...
Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Endothelin Receptor Antagonists01:18

Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Endothelin Receptor Antagonists

Endothelins (ETs) are potent vasoactive peptides critical in the human body's various physiological and pathological processes. One of the most promising therapeutic strategies for treating pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) involves counteracting the effects of these endothelins using a class of drugs known as endothelin receptor antagonists.
ETs are synthesized through a complex sequence of enzymatic steps, primarily involving an enzyme referred to as endothelin-converting enzyme (ECE). Of...
Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors01:28

Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors

Phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) inhibitors are potent enzymes that function to hydrolyze cyclic nucleotides to their corresponding 5' monophosphates. Their unique biochemical properties have been applied in treating Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAH).
Among the PDE5 inhibitors, sildenafil (Revatio) stands out as a competitive and selective inhibitor. It operates by elevating cellular levels of cGMP and augmenting signaling through the cGMP-PKG pathway, promoting vasodilation. Upon oral...
Peripheral Artery Disease I: Introduction01:30

Peripheral Artery Disease I: Introduction

Peripheral artery disease (PAD) predominantly results from atherosclerosis, which involves the accumulation of fatty deposits, or plaques, within the walls of arteries. This causes them to narrow and harden, significantly reducing blood flow. PAD predominantly affects the legs, particularly the arteries supplying the thighs and calves. In rare cases, it may involve other arteries, including those in the arms.Etiology of PAD:The principal cause of PAD is atherosclerosis, which results from fatty...
Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Prostacyclin Receptor Agonists01:23

Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Prostacyclin Receptor Agonists

Prostacyclin receptor agonists are a class of therapeutic agents integral to managing pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). These drugs operate by mimicking the action of prostaglandin I2, or PGI2, a naturally occurring compound in the body.
These agonists bind to the IPR receptor situated on the plasma membrane of the pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells. This binding triggers a cascade of reactions known as the GS-AC-cAMP-PKA pathway. This pathway results in the relaxation of smooth muscle...
Hypertension II: Pathophysiology01:29

Hypertension II: Pathophysiology

Hypertension is a chronic condition in which the blood's force against artery walls is excessively high, posing risks such as heart disease. The condition's underlying mechanisms involve complex interactions among the cardiovascular, kidney, and autonomic nervous systems.Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS): This system significantly influences blood pressure regulation. When blood pressure decreases, the kidneys secrete renin. This enzyme transforms angiotensinogen, a plasma protein,...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Incremental contribution of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid data to multidisciplinary discussion of interstitial lung disease.

BMC pulmonary medicine·2026
Same author

P2X7 receptor blockade during Cryptococcus neoformans infection promotes a Th2-associated immune profile and enhances fungal dissemination to the brain.

International immunopharmacology·2026
Same author

Aging and cardiopulmonary interactions: physiologic and pathophysiologic consequences.

American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology·2026
Same author

Defining the Resolution of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: A Missing Piece in Critical Care.

Critical care medicine·2026
Same author

Neuroinflammation, blood-brain barrier dysfunction, and cognitive decline in pulmonary arterial hypertension: an experimental study.

Scientific reports·2026
Same author

Brown adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells improve sepsis-induced multiorgan dysfunction more than white adipose cells in obese rats.

Cytotherapy·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 27, 2026

Right Ventricular Systolic Pressure Measurements in Combination with Harvest of Lung and Immune Tissue Samples in Mice
10:20

Right Ventricular Systolic Pressure Measurements in Combination with Harvest of Lung and Immune Tissue Samples in Mice

Published on: January 16, 2013

Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension and Endothelial Dysfunction.

Maria Eduarda de Sá Freire Onofre1, Renata Trabach Santos1, Fernanda Ferreira Cruz1

  • 1Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.

Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology
|May 25, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) involves complex cardiovascular and respiratory issues. Understanding endothelial dysfunction and vascular remodeling is key to developing new treatments for this progressive disorder.

Keywords:
Endothelial DysfunctionModels of Pulmonary HypertensionPulmonary HypertensionTherapeutic ApproachesVascular Remodeling

More Related Videos

A Model of Reverse Vascular Remodeling in Pulmonary Hypertension Due to Left Heart Disease by Aortic Debanding in Rats
07:41

A Model of Reverse Vascular Remodeling in Pulmonary Hypertension Due to Left Heart Disease by Aortic Debanding in Rats

Published on: March 1, 2022

Increasing Pulmonary Artery Pulsatile Flow Improves Hypoxic Pulmonary Hypertension in Piglets
08:08

Increasing Pulmonary Artery Pulsatile Flow Improves Hypoxic Pulmonary Hypertension in Piglets

Published on: May 11, 2015

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 27, 2026

Right Ventricular Systolic Pressure Measurements in Combination with Harvest of Lung and Immune Tissue Samples in Mice
10:20

Right Ventricular Systolic Pressure Measurements in Combination with Harvest of Lung and Immune Tissue Samples in Mice

Published on: January 16, 2013

A Model of Reverse Vascular Remodeling in Pulmonary Hypertension Due to Left Heart Disease by Aortic Debanding in Rats
07:41

A Model of Reverse Vascular Remodeling in Pulmonary Hypertension Due to Left Heart Disease by Aortic Debanding in Rats

Published on: March 1, 2022

Increasing Pulmonary Artery Pulsatile Flow Improves Hypoxic Pulmonary Hypertension in Piglets
08:08

Increasing Pulmonary Artery Pulsatile Flow Improves Hypoxic Pulmonary Hypertension in Piglets

Published on: May 11, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Medicine
  • Respiratory Medicine
  • Vascular Biology

Background:

  • Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a progressive, multifactorial disorder linked to cardiovascular and respiratory conditions.
  • An updated definition improves diagnostic sensitivity for earlier disease recognition.
  • Endothelial dysfunction plays a central role in pulmonary vascular homeostasis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of endothelial dysfunction and cell-matrix interactions in PH.
  • To explore mechanisms of vascular remodeling contributing to PH.
  • To evaluate experimental models and current/emerging therapies for PH.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on pulmonary hypertension pathophysiology.
  • Critical evaluation of experimental models of PH.
  • Appraisal of evidence-based and emerging therapeutic strategies.

Main Results:

  • Endothelial dysfunction and extracellular matrix reorganization are key in PH.
  • Vascular remodeling mechanisms (intimal proliferation, medial hypertrophy) increase resistance and RV overload.
  • Current therapies are appraised, with emphasis on risk stratification and targeted interventions.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding vascular remodeling and endothelial dysfunction is crucial for PH management.
  • Experimental models offer insights but have limitations in translational relevance.
  • Future perspectives include precision medicine and advanced vascular-targeted treatments for PH.