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Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

The polymerization process that involves carbanion as an intermediate is called anionic polymerization. It is also a type of addition or chain-growth polymerization. Anionic polymerization gets initiated by a strong nucleophile such as an organolithium or a Grignard reagent. The most commonly used initiator for anionic polymerization is butyl lithium. Monomers involved in anionic polymerization must possess a vinyl group bonded to one or two electron-withdrawing groups. For instance,...

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

The mechanism for anionic chain-growth polymerization involves initiation, propagation, and termination steps. In the initiation step, a nucleophilic anion, such as butyl lithium, initiates the polymerization process by attacking the π bond of the vinylic monomer. As a result, a carbanion, stabilized by the electron‐withdrawing group, is generated. The resulting carbanion acts as a Michael donor in the propagation step and attacks the second vinylic monomer, which acts as a Michael acceptor.

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Updated: May 28, 2026

Solid-state Graft Copolymer Electrolytes for Lithium Battery Applications

Solid-state Graft Copolymer Electrolytes for Lithium Battery Applications

Published on: August 12, 2013

Alkynyl-Bipyridine-Based Conjugated Microporous Polymer Anode for Lithium Storage.

Yuanyuan Zhang¹, Yuanyuan Liu¹, Xiaorui Wang¹

¹Beijing Key Laboratory of Intelligent Design and Manufacturing for Hydrogen Energy Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, P. R. China.

Small (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)

|May 26, 2026

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

We developed a novel alkynyl-bipyridine-conjugated microporous polymer (CMP) for lithium storage. Encapsulating this CMP with reduced graphene oxide (rGO) significantly enhances its capacity and stability.

Keywords:

Sp‐ and sp2‐hybridized carbons alkynyl linkages bipyridine conjugated microporous polymer lithium‐ion storage

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Electrochemistry
Polymer Chemistry

Background:

Conjugated microporous polymers (CMPs) with sp- and sp2-hybridized carbons show potential for lithium storage due to their delocalized π-electron framework and active sites.
The synthesis of CMPs with predesigned structural characteristics, such as uniform pores, remains a significant challenge, limiting their practical application.

Purpose of the Study:

To synthesize a novel alkynyl-bipyridine-conjugated microporous polymer (Alk-Bpy-CMP) with a well-defined structure for enhanced lithium storage.
To investigate the electrochemical performance of the synthesized Alk-Bpy-CMP and its composite with reduced graphene oxide (rGO) for lithium-ion batteries.

Main Methods:

Synthesis of alkynyl-bipyridine-conjugated microporous polymer (Alk-Bpy-CMP) featuring a six-membered ring structure.
Electrochemical characterization of Alk-Bpy-CMP and Alk-Bpy-CMP@rGO as anode materials for lithium storage.
Assessment of specific capacity, cycling stability, and rate performance.

Main Results:

The synthesized Alk-Bpy-CMP exhibits a specific capacity of 674 mAh g⁻¹ after 100 cycles at 0.1 A g⁻¹, attributed to the bipyridine and alkynyl linkages.
Encapsulation with reduced graphene oxide (rGO) enhanced the specific capacity to 1020 mAh g⁻¹ after 200 cycles at 0.1 A g⁻¹, approaching the theoretical value.
The Alk-Bpy-CMP@rGO composite demonstrated robust cycling performance with stable discharge and charge over 1000 cycles.

Conclusions:

The alkynyl-bipyridine-conjugated microporous polymer (Alk-Bpy-CMP) is a promising anode material for lithium storage.
The integration of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) significantly improves the conductivity and electrochemical performance of CMP-based anodes.
The developed Alk-Bpy-CMP@rGO exhibits excellent capacity and long-term cycling stability, highlighting its potential for advanced battery applications.