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Environmental Impacts of Cultivated (Lab-Based) Blue Foods.

Shira Shabtai¹, Tamar Makov^1,2, Alon Shepon^3,4

¹Management Department, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Post Office Box 653, Beer Sheva 8410501, Israel.

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|May 26, 2026

Summary

Cultivated meat (CM) offers a sustainable solution for blue foods. Life cycle assessments show CM blue foods have lower environmental impacts than conventional options, though water use may be a trade-off.

Keywords:

aquatic foods cell culture cultivated meat eel fish global warming life cycle assessment seafood

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Area of Science:

Cellular agriculture
Environmental science
Sustainable food production

Background:

Global fisheries are depleted, and aquaculture has environmental drawbacks.
Rising demand for blue foods necessitates sustainable alternatives.
Cultivated meat (CM) production using cellular agriculture offers a potential solution.

Purpose of the Study:

To quantify the cradle-to-gate environmental impacts of three CM blue food products.
To compare the environmental performance of CM blue foods with conventional blue foods and cultivated land animals.
To identify potential environmental trade-offs in CM blue food production.

Main Methods:

Life cycle assessment (LCA) was employed to evaluate environmental impacts.
The study focused on cumulative energy demand, global warming potential, land use, water use, and eutrophication potential (phosphorus and nitrogen).
Three distinct CM blue food products were analyzed.

Main Results:

CM blue foods exhibit a cumulative energy demand of 40-45 MJ kg⁻¹ and global warming potential of 2.1-2.3 kg CO₂ equiv kg⁻¹.
Land use was measured at 1.1-1.6 m² a kg⁻¹, and water consumption ranged from 97-152 L kg⁻¹.
Eutrophication impacts were 0.9-1.3 g P equiv kg⁻¹ (freshwater) and 0.9-1.1 g N equiv kg⁻¹ (marine).
These impacts are generally lower than those of conventional blue foods and cultivated land animals.

Conclusions:

CM blue foods present a potentially more sustainable option for meeting seafood demand.
Environmental impacts of CM blue foods are generally favorable compared to conventional and land-based cultivated animal products.
Potential environmental trade-offs, such as increased water usage, require careful consideration and multi-indicator assessment.