Reasons for Indoor and Outdoor Tanning: Starting Points for Skin Cancer Prevention Based on a Nationwide Study

Ultraviolet (UV) radiation is a major risk factor for skin cancer. Nevertheless, many people tan in the sun and in tanning beds. The aim of this study was to explore the reasons behind these behaviors and to investigate whether the reasons for tanning in the sun and in tanning beds differ.

We used data from a nationwide survey study conducted in Germany, which included n = 4156 individuals aged 16 to 65 years. We assessed different reasons for outdoor and indoor tanning, as well as sociodemographic characteristics, skin type, and tanning behaviors.

While both outdoor and indoor tanners frequently reported relaxation, as well as feeling of light and warmth as reasons, outdoor tanners placed a greater emphasis on increasing vitamin D levels and health benefits. In contrast, indoor tanners were more focused on enhancing attractiveness and pre-tanning for holidays. Individuals who sought a tan more frequently-whether through indoor or outdoor tanning-were more likely to agree with the various reasons provided, compared to those who tanned less often. In addition, we found associations with sex, age, immigrant background, education, occupation, and skin type.

There were differences as well as similarities in the reasons for indoor and outdoor tanning. This indicates that overarching prevention strategies could be effective. Additionally, targeted measures specifically for indoor and outdoor tanning could also be beneficial in raising awareness about the risks of UV radiation and, in the long term, reducing the incidence of skin cancer.