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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 28, 2026

Digital Hybrid Model Preparation for Virtual Planning of Reconstructive Dentoalveolar Surgical Procedures
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Published on: August 5, 2021

Standardization and Validation of Digital Volumetric Measurement Methods for Alveolar Cleft Defects Using 3D Imaging.

Inka Saraswati1, Menik Priaminiarti1, Dwi Ariawan2

  • 1Department of Dentomaxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Salemba Raya No. 4, Central Jakarta 10430, Indonesia.

Dentistry Journal
|May 26, 2026
PubMed
Summary

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This summary is machine-generated.

Establishing expert consensus on alveolar bone graft boundaries improved defect quantification. Standardized landmarks and digital axial tracing enhance accuracy and reproducibility in planning bone grafts for alveolar clefts.

Area of Science:

  • Craniofacial surgery
  • Medical imaging
  • 3D modeling

Background:

  • Accurate quantification of alveolar cleft defects for bone grafting is challenging due to inconsistent anatomical boundary definitions.
  • This variability impacts surgical planning and outcomes for alveolar bone graft (ABG) procedures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Establish expert consensus on anatomical landmarks for ABG planning.
  • Validate digital volumetric measurement methods for defect quantification.

Main Methods:

  • Cleft specialists defined boundaries on 3D models, first by clinical judgment, then by consensus.
  • Radiologists performed digital volumetric assessments using four methods on 3D X-ray imaging.
  • Intra- and inter-rater reliability (ICC) and accuracy were evaluated against a physical reference standard.
Keywords:
3D imagingCBCTbone graftingcleft lipcleft palatecomputed tomography

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Main Results:

  • Operator-defined boundaries showed significant inter-operator differences and poor-to-excellent reliability.
  • Consensus boundaries standardized defect definition, significantly improving reliability.
  • Digital axial tracing demonstrated excellent reliability and high accuracy, with no significant difference from the physical standard.

Conclusions:

  • Consensus-based boundary definitions enhance accuracy and reproducibility in ABG planning.
  • Validated digital volumetric methods, particularly axial tracing, improve defect quantification.
  • This approach supports more precise, personalized alveolar bone graft procedures.