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Related Concept Videos

Autophagy01:27

Autophagy

Autophagy is a self-digesting process by which a cell protects itself from threats both within and outside the cell, ranging from abnormal proteins to invading bacteria. In this process, obsolete components of the cell and invading microbes are degraded by hydrolytic enzymes active in an acidic environment of the lysosomal lumen.
An autophagic pathway consists of a series of signaling events activated in response to diverse stress and physiological conditions such as food deprivation,...
Overview of Fungi01:29

Overview of Fungi

Fungi are a diverse group of eukaryotes more closely related to animals than other eukaryotes. Fungal cell walls comprise chitin, a polysaccharide that provides structural strength, and glucans, which contribute to flexibility and integrity. Other polysaccharides, such as mannans and galactosans, may supplement or replace chitin in some fungi. These adaptations, along with their preference for acidic environments and tolerance for high osmotic pressure, enable fungi to thrive in various...
Delivery Pathways to the Lysosome01:36

Delivery Pathways to the Lysosome

Eukaryotic cells use different mechanisms to eliminate toxic waste obsolete and worn-out substances. Lysosomes play a pivotal role in this, and hence, these substances are carried to the lysosome from other parts of the cell and extracellular space through different pathways. The most elaborately studied pathways to the lysosome are the endocytic pathways.
Endocytosis
In endocytosis, the cell membrane takes up macromolecules and particles from the surrounding medium. Clathrin-mediated...
Autophagic Cell Death01:18

Autophagic Cell Death

Christian de Duve discovered “autophagy,” a process in which cellular components are engulfed by membrane-bound organelles called autophagosomes. The autophagosomes then fuse with lysosomes to digest the enclosed contents. Autophagy is generally activated in cells to prevent cell death. However, cell death is triggered when the damage is beyond repair.
Autophagy and Apoptosis
Autophagy can activate apoptosis. In normal conditions, the autophagy activating protein Beclin-1 and pro-apoptotic...
Cellular Injury V: Apoptosis and Autophagy01:22

Cellular Injury V: Apoptosis and Autophagy

Cells respond to damage and stress through highly coordinated processes that decide whether they survive or undergo controlled self-destruction. Two major pathways involved in this regulation are apoptosis, a type of programmed cell death, and autophagy, a survival mechanism that helps cells adapt to adverse conditions.ApoptosisApoptosis removes aged or injured cells to maintain tissue balance. During this process, the cell shrinks, chromatin condenses and fragments, and membrane-bound...
Fungal Phylum Ascomycota01:28

Fungal Phylum Ascomycota

Phylum Ascomycota, a major division within the subkingdom Dikarya, comprises a diverse range of fungal species, including both unicellular yeasts and filamentous molds such as Aspergillus and Penicillium. These fungi thrive in a variety of habitats, from aquatic ecosystems to terrestrial environments, playing crucial ecological and economic roles.Morphology and ReproductionThe defining characteristic of Ascomycetes, commonly referred to as sac fungi, is the ascus—a sac-like structure that...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 28, 2026

Analysis of Autophagy in Penicillium chrysogenum by Using Starvation Pads in Combination With Fluorescence Microscopy
06:51

Analysis of Autophagy in Penicillium chrysogenum by Using Starvation Pads in Combination With Fluorescence Microscopy

Published on: February 1, 2015

Multifunctional Roles of Autophagy in Fungi.

Aron Osakina1, William J Steinbach1, Praveen R Juvvadi1

  • 1Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Arkansas Children's Research Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA.

Journal of Fungi (Basel, Switzerland)
|May 26, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Autophagy, a cellular recycling process, is vital for homeostasis and survival. This review details autophagy-related genes (ATGs) across fungi, plants, and humans, highlighting their regulatory roles.

Keywords:
ATGsTORantifungalsautophagosomeautophagydrug resistancefungigolgiphagymitophagypexophagy

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Study of Protein-protein Interactions in Autophagy Research
14:08

Study of Protein-protein Interactions in Autophagy Research

Published on: September 9, 2017

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 28, 2026

Analysis of Autophagy in Penicillium chrysogenum by Using Starvation Pads in Combination With Fluorescence Microscopy
06:51

Analysis of Autophagy in Penicillium chrysogenum by Using Starvation Pads in Combination With Fluorescence Microscopy

Published on: February 1, 2015

Study of Protein-protein Interactions in Autophagy Research
14:08

Study of Protein-protein Interactions in Autophagy Research

Published on: September 9, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Autophagy, or
  • self-eating machinery
  • , is a fundamental cellular process for maintaining intracellular homeostasis.
  • It involves recycling damaged cellular components via autophagosomes, crucial for functions like aging, immunity, and stress response.
  • Dysregulation of autophagy can be detrimental, emphasizing the need for optimal regulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of autophagy-related genes (ATGs) in diverse fungal species.
  • To highlight the regulation of autophagy and its control over various functions in plant, human, and industrial fungal species.
  • To consolidate current knowledge on the roles of ATGs in eukaryotic organisms.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of autophagy and ATGs.
  • Comparative analysis of ATGs across different fungal species.
  • Synthesis of information on autophagy regulation and function in plants, humans, and fungi.

Main Results:

  • Over 40 autophagy-related genes (ATGs) have been identified in yeast, with homologs in other eukaryotes.
  • ATGs play critical roles in the growth, development, and virulence of industrial and pathogenic fungi.
  • Autophagy regulation is conserved across species, impacting fundamental biological processes.

Conclusions:

  • Autophagy is a highly conserved and essential process across eukaryotes.
  • Understanding ATGs is crucial for comprehending cellular functions and organismal health.
  • Further research into ATGs can offer insights into disease mechanisms and therapeutic strategies.