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Related Concept Videos

Lattice Centering and Coordination Number02:33

Lattice Centering and Coordination Number

The structure of a crystalline solid, whether a metal or not, is best described by considering its simplest repeating unit, which is referred to as its unit cell. The unit cell consists of lattice points that represent the locations of atoms or ions. The entire structure then consists of this unit cell repeating in three dimensions. The three different types of unit cells present in the cubic lattice are illustrated in Figure 1.
Types of Unit Cells
Imagine taking a large number of identical...
Bewley Lattice Diagram01:12

Bewley Lattice Diagram

The Bewley lattice diagram, developed by L. V. Bewley, effectively organizes the reflections occurring during transmission-line transients. It visually represents how voltage waves propagate and reflect within a transmission line, making it easier to understand the complex interactions that occur.
Lattice Energies of Ionic Crystals01:27

Lattice Energies of Ionic Crystals

Lattice energy represents the energy released when gaseous cations and anions combine to form an ionic solid, reflecting the strength of electrostatic interactions within the crystal. This process is fundamentally governed by Coulombic attraction between oppositely charged ions, where the potential energy varies inversely with the interionic distance and directly with the product of ionic charges. As ions approach one another, the electrostatic energy becomes increasingly negative, indicating a...
Trends in Lattice Energy: Ion Size and Charge02:54

Trends in Lattice Energy: Ion Size and Charge

An ionic compound is stable because of the electrostatic attraction between its positive and negative ions. The lattice energy of a compound is a measure of the strength of this attraction. The lattice energy (ΔHlattice) of an ionic compound is defined as the energy required to separate one mole of the solid into its component gaseous ions. For the ionic solid sodium chloride, the lattice energy is the enthalpy change of the process:
Long-term Potentiation01:25

Long-term Potentiation

Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
Hebbian LTP
LTP can occur when presynaptic neurons...
Long-term Potentiation01:35

Long-term Potentiation

Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre- and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.

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Related Experiment Videos

A Post-Quantum Authentication and Key Agreement Protocol Based on Lattice-Based KEM for Secure Network Environments.

Xiaoping Chen1, Wangyu Wu2, Guangmin Liang1

  • 1School of Electronic and Communication Engineering, Shenzhen Polytechnic University, Shenzhen 518055, China.

Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)
|May 26, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a new post-quantum authentication protocol using the Kyber key encapsulation mechanism (KEM) for enhanced security in cloud computing and IoT environments. The protocol offers strong protection against quantum threats with efficient performance.

Keywords:
Kyberauthentication and key agreement protocolnetwork securitypost-quantum

Related Experiment Videos

Area of Science:

  • Cybersecurity and Cryptography
  • Quantum Computing Security
  • Network Protocols

Background:

  • Emerging environments like cloud computing and IoT require robust security for data transmission over public networks.
  • Existing authentication protocols based on classical cryptography are vulnerable to quantum computing attacks.
  • There is a critical need for post-quantum cryptographic solutions to ensure future data security.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a novel post-quantum authentication and key agreement protocol.
  • To enhance security in cloud computing and IoT environments against quantum threats.
  • To provide mutual authentication and secure session key establishment.

Main Methods:

  • Integration of cryptographic authentication, smart card protection, and the lattice-based Kyber key encapsulation mechanism (KEM).
  • Formal security analysis in the Real-or-Random (ROR) model under the random oracle assumption.
  • Informal security analysis to demonstrate properties like anonymity and forward confidentiality.

Main Results:

  • The proposed protocol offers strong security guarantees, including resistance to known attacks.
  • Demonstrated properties such as anonymity, untraceability, and perfect forward confidentiality.
  • Evaluated computational cost and communication overhead, showing efficiency compared to existing protocols.

Conclusions:

  • The developed post-quantum protocol effectively addresses the security challenges posed by quantum computing.
  • It provides a secure and efficient solution for authentication and key agreement in modern digital environments.
  • The protocol balances robust security with low computational and communication overhead.