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Related Concept Videos

Phase Transitions02:31

Phase Transitions

Whether solid, liquid, or gas, a substance's state depends on the order and arrangement of its particles (atoms, molecules, or ions). Particles in the solid pack closely together, generally in a pattern. The particles vibrate about their fixed positions but do not move or squeeze past their neighbors. In liquids, although the particles are closely spaced, they are randomly arranged. The position of the particles are not fixed—that is, they are free to move past their neighbors to occupy...
Phase Transitions01:21

Phase Transitions

A phase transition is the process in which a substance changes from one state of matter to another, like from a solid to a liquid, liquid to gas, or vice versa, at a specific temperature and under given pressure conditions. This change is spontaneous and is affected by alterations in temperature and pressure. These parameters impact the strength of the forces between molecules (intermolecular forces) in the substance.During a phase transition, both the initial and final phases of the substance...
Phase Transitions: Melting and Freezing02:39

Phase Transitions: Melting and Freezing

Heating a crystalline solid increases the average energy of its atoms, molecules, or ions, and the solid gets hotter. At some point, the added energy becomes large enough to partially overcome the forces holding the molecules or ions of the solid in their fixed positions, and the solid begins the process of transitioning to the liquid state or melting. At this point, the temperature of the solid stops rising, despite the continual input of heat, and it remains constant until all of the solid is...
Phase Transitions: Vaporization and Condensation02:39

Phase Transitions: Vaporization and Condensation

The physical form of a substance changes on changing its temperature. For example, raising the temperature of a liquid causes the liquid to vaporize (convert into vapor). The process is called vaporization—a surface phenomenon. Vaporization occurs when the thermal motion of the molecules overcome the intermolecular forces, and the molecules (at the surface) escape into the gaseous state. When a liquid vaporizes in a closed container, gas molecules cannot escape. As these gas phase molecules...
Phase Diagrams of Ternary Systems01:28

Phase Diagrams of Ternary Systems

Consider a ternary system, which is composed of three components: water (W), ethanoic acid (E), and trichloromethane (T). Here, Ethanoic acid (E) is fully miscible with both water (W) and trichloromethane (T), meaning it can mix entirely with either of them. However, water and trichloromethane have partial miscibility, meaning they can only mix to a certain extent, beyond which two separate phases will form.The phase diagram of a ternary system is represented as an equilateral triangle, where...
Inertia Tensor01:24

Inertia Tensor

The concept of the inertia tensor is employed to depict the mass distribution and rotational inertia of a solid or rigid object. This tensor is expressed through a three-by-three matrix. Each component within this matrix corresponds to varying moments of inertia about specific axes.
The diagonal components of the inertia tensor matrix represent the moments of inertia concerning the principal axes of the object. These primary axes are defined as the axes where the object experiences the least...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 28, 2026

Scalable Quantum Integrated Circuits on Superconducting Two-Dimensional Electron Gas Platform
05:39

Scalable Quantum Integrated Circuits on Superconducting Two-Dimensional Electron Gas Platform

Published on: August 2, 2019

Tree Tensor Network Simulation of Dynamical Quantum Phase Transitions in the 2D Transverse-Field Ising Model.

Xiangyue Zhang1, Dizhou Xie1, Yongqiang Li1

  • 1College of Science, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China.

Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)
|May 26, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers explored 2D dynamical quantum phase transitions (DQPTs) using tree tensor networks. They discovered anomalous DQPTs driven by local spin excitations, distinct from 1D models.

Keywords:
2D transverse-field Ising modelLoschmidt echodynamical quantum phase transitionsnon-equilibrium dynamicstree tensor network

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 28, 2026

Scalable Quantum Integrated Circuits on Superconducting Two-Dimensional Electron Gas Platform
05:39

Scalable Quantum Integrated Circuits on Superconducting Two-Dimensional Electron Gas Platform

Published on: August 2, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Quantum physics
  • Condensed matter physics
  • Non-equilibrium quantum dynamics

Background:

  • Dynamical quantum phase transitions (DQPTs) challenge equilibrium thermodynamics.
  • 1D numerical methods like matrix product states (MPS) have advanced DQPT research.
  • Exploring 2D DQPTs is hindered by finite-size effects and quasi-1D mappings.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To overcome limitations in studying 2D DQPTs.
  • To investigate quench dynamics in the 2D transverse-field Ising model (TFIM).
  • To utilize tree tensor networks (TTNs) for direct 2D lattice simulations.

Main Methods:

  • Employed a tree tensor network (TTN) approach for direct 2D lattice simulations.
  • Computed quench dynamics of the 2D transverse-field Ising model (TFIM).
  • Extracted the global Loschmidt echo using the TTN architecture.

Main Results:

  • Standard DQPTs observed for deep quenches.
  • Anomalous dynamical response found for quenches within the ferromagnetic phase.
  • Rate function showed sharp peaks, decoupling from the macroscopic order parameter.
  • Identified local spin excitations as drivers of 2D DQPTs.

Conclusions:

  • Local spin excitations, not domain walls, drive 2D DQPTs.
  • TTN approach enables direct simulation of 2D non-equilibrium quantum matter.
  • Results provide a baseline for understanding higher-dimensional DQPTs.