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Published on: November 26, 2019
Joint Optimization of User Association and Dynamic Multi-UAV Deployment for Maritime Emergency Communications
Xiaonan Ma1, Hua Yang1, Yanli Xu1
1College of Information Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai 201306, China.
Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)
|May 26, 2026
Summary
This study introduces a novel framework for maritime emergency communications using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). The system optimizes UAV deployment and ship connections to ensure reliable, high-priority communication at sea.
Area of Science:
- Computer Science
- Electrical Engineering
- Maritime Technology
Background:
- Maritime emergency response demands robust communication where shore coverage is limited.
- Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) offer a solution for on-demand aerial networking in these scenarios.
- Optimizing UAV deployment and user association for ships presents a complex challenge due to mobility and priority constraints.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop a joint optimization framework for user association and multi-UAV deployment in maritime emergency communication systems.
- To maximize long-term system utility while satisfying signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), capacity, and priority constraints.
- To address UAV endurance and mobility limitations in dynamic sea environments.
Main Methods:
- Formulated a long-term system-utility maximization problem.
- Proposed a Priority-Aware Branch-and-Cut (PA-BAC) algorithm for user association.
- Developed an Enhanced Multi-Agent Proximal Policy Optimization (E-MAPPO) for dynamic UAV deployment.
- Integrated PA-BAC within the E-MAPPO learning loop for constraint satisfaction.
Main Results:
- PA-BAC algorithm improved normalized priority-weighted throughput compared to heuristic methods.
- The integrated E-MAPPO-PA-BAC framework achieved higher long-term system utility and energy efficiency.
- Demonstrated strong robustness across varying ship densities and realistic mobility patterns.
- Verified computational practicality and applicability under realistic maritime conditions.
Conclusions:
- The proposed E-MAPPO-PA-BAC framework effectively addresses the complexities of multi-UAV maritime emergency communication.
- Joint optimization of UAV deployment and user association is crucial for reliable and efficient maritime connectivity.
- The system provides vital properties for time-sensitive maritime emergency communications, including priority adherence and QoS feasibility.
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