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Association Between Triglyceride-Glucose Index and Risk of Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Roberto Fabiani¹, Valentina Squadroni¹, Patrizia Rosignoli¹

¹Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy.

Journal of Personalized Medicine

|May 26, 2026

Summary

Higher triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index values are linked to increased cancer risk. This meta-analysis found a significant association between elevated TyG index and overall cancer incidence, highlighting its potential as a cancer risk indicator.

Keywords:

TyG index cancer risk insulin resistance meta-analysis systematic review triglyceride–glucose index

Related Experiment Videos

Area of Science:

Metabolic Syndrome and Cancer Epidemiology
Biomarker Research
Insulin Resistance Studies

Background:

The triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index is a validated indicator of insulin resistance.
While linked to T2DM, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease, its association with cancer risk is less understood.
This study investigates the relationship between the TyG index and various cancer types.

Purpose of the Study:

To quantitatively assess the association between the TyG index and the risk of developing different cancers.
To synthesize evidence from existing literature through meta-analysis.

Main Methods:

A systematic literature search was conducted across PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus.
Studies were selected using the PICOS framework and quality assessed with the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS).
Meta-analysis employed random-effects models to calculate pooled risk estimates (RR, OR, HR) and weighted mean differences (WMD) for TyG index values.

Main Results:

Cancer patients exhibited significantly higher TyG index values compared to controls (WMD: 0.23).
A higher TyG index was associated with increased cancer risk, both as a categorical (OR 1.33) and continuous (OR 1.14) variable.
Increased risk was noted for gastrointestinal, gynecological, colorectal, breast, and gastric cancers, but not for endometrial, ovarian, prostate, lung, or esophageal cancers.

Conclusions:

Elevated TyG index values are associated with an increased risk of overall cancer.
The association with specific cancer sites requires further investigation due to limited study numbers.
Prospective cohort studies are recommended to validate these findings and clarify site-specific risks.