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Wine Consumption and Lung Cancer Risk: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Carlotta Bertola1, Camilla Gobbetti1, Gaia Baccarini1

  • 1Section of Hygiene and Public Health, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy.

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|April 26, 2025
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Summary

This meta-analysis found no significant link between wine consumption and lung cancer risk overall. However, a potential protective effect was observed in smokers, though this finding requires further investigation.

Keywords:
lung cancermeta-analysiswine consumptionwine intake

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Epidemiology
  • Nutritional Science

Background:

  • Lung cancer remains a leading cause of cancer mortality, with smoking as the primary risk factor.
  • A notable proportion of lung cancer patients are non-smokers, highlighting the role of other factors like alcohol consumption.
  • Ethanol is a Group 1 carcinogen, but wine's polyphenols may offer health benefits, prompting investigation into its specific association with lung cancer.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conduct a meta-analysis investigating the correlation between wine consumption and lung cancer risk.
  • To stratify risk based on smoking status and gender.
  • To compare heavy wine consumers with very occasional drinkers.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature review across PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases.
  • Random-effects meta-analysis comparing highest versus lowest wine consumption categories.
  • Risk of bias assessment using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS); statistical analysis with ProMeta 3.0 software.

Main Results:

  • Overall, wine consumption showed a non-significant 11% reduction in lung cancer risk (OR = 0.89).
  • Among smokers, wine consumption was associated with a significant 22% reduction in lung cancer risk (OR = 0.78).
  • This significant effect in smokers was not consistently observed when analyses were stratified by study design.

Conclusions:

  • No definitive correlation was found between wine consumption and lung cancer incidence, neither protective nor risk-increasing.
  • Further research is warranted to accurately assess this relationship, particularly in non-smoker populations.