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Related Concept Videos

Labeling DNA Probes03:31

Labeling DNA Probes

DNA probes are fragments of DNA labeled with a reporter tag to enable their detection or purification. The resulting labeled DNA probes can then hybridize to target nucleic acid sequences through complementary base-pairing, and may be used to recover or identify these regions.
Radioisotopes, fluorophores, or small molecule binding partners like biotin or digoxigenin, are the most widely used reporter tags for labeling DNA probes. These labels can be attached to the probe DNA molecule via...
DNA Microarrays02:34

DNA Microarrays

Microarrays are high-throughput and relatively inexpensive assays that can be automated to analyze large quantities of data at a time. They are used in genome-wide studies to compare gene or protein expression under two varied conditions, such as healthy and diseased states. Microarrays consist of glass or silica slides on which probe molecules are covalently attached through surface functionalization. Most commonly, the slides are prepared through the chemisorption of silanes to silica...
Next-generation Sequencing03:00

Next-generation Sequencing

The first human genome sequencing project cost $2.7 billion and was declared complete in 2003, after 15 years of international cooperation and collaboration between several research teams and funding agencies. Today, with the advent of next-generation sequencing technologies, the cost and time of sequencing a human genome have dropped over 100 fold.
Next-Generation Sequencing Methods
Although all next-generation methods use different technologies, they all share a set of standard features.
In-situ Hybridization02:31

In-situ Hybridization

In situ hybridization (ISH) is a technique used to detect and localize specific DNA or RNA molecules in cells, tissue, or tissue sections using a labeled probe. The technique was first used in 1969 for the investigation of nucleic acids. It is currently an essential tool in scientific research and clinical settings, especially for diagnostic purposes.
Types of probes and labels
A probe is a complementary strand of DNA or RNA that binds to corresponding nucleotide sequences in a cell. Many...
Modern Molecular Taxonomy01:29

Modern Molecular Taxonomy

Advancements in molecular biology have revolutionized the identification and characterization of bacteria, with multiple methods leveraging DNA sequencing for enhanced precision. As sequencing technologies improve and costs decline, these approaches are increasingly used in clinical, environmental, and evolutionary studies.Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST) examines several housekeeping genes, essential chromosomal genes encoding cellular functions, to distinguish strains. Approximately...

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Updated: May 28, 2026

Split Hybridization Probe Utilizing a DNA Fluorescent Light-up Aptamer as a Signal Reporter for Sequence-Specific Nucleic Acid Analysis
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Next-Generation SERS Probes: Engineering Hotspots, Intelligent Molecular Targeting, and AI-Driven Spectral Analysis

Unmanaa Dewanjee1, Shi Bai2, Yury V Ryabchikov3

  • 1Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Tennessee Knoxville, 1512 Middle Drive, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA.

Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland)
|May 26, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) advances probe design for ultra-trace detection. Innovations in hotspots, analyte targeting, and hybrid materials enhance sensitivity for diverse applications.

Keywords:
SERSdensity function theorylarge-area nanomanufacturingmachine learningmolecular sensingplasmonic hotspots

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Area of Science:

  • Spectroscopy and Analytical Chemistry
  • Materials Science and Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is a powerful technique for detecting trace-level species.
  • SERS finds applications in biomedicine, catalysis, environmental monitoring, and national security.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advances in SERS probe design and fabrication.
  • To highlight strategies for enhancing SERS sensitivity, uniformity, and analyte specificity.
  • To discuss challenges and emerging solutions for practical SERS applications.

Main Methods:

  • Engineering plasmonic hotspots for enhanced field confinement.
  • Developing analyte-directed strategies for precise molecular positioning and retention.
  • Creating hybrid architectures integrating plasmonic metals with functional materials (e.g., high entropy materials, semiconductors, 2D materials).

Main Results:

  • Significant progress in achieving stronger and more uniform SERS signals through engineered hotspots.
  • Demonstrated effectiveness of tailored surface chemistries and nanoscale confinement for single hotspot SERS.
  • Synergistic enhancement achieved by coupling electromagnetic and chemical mechanisms in hybrid SERS architectures.

Conclusions:

  • Key challenges for practical SERS include substrate reproducibility, stability, analyte compatibility, and quantitative performance in complex environments.
  • Emerging solutions like large-area nanomanufacturing, high-resolution Raman mapping, and AI-enabled spectral analysis are addressing these challenges.
  • SERS is evolving into a versatile platform for decoding molecular structures and analyzing complex systems with high sensitivity and selectivity.