Reframing Heart Failure as a Multiorgan Network Disorder: Translational and Regenerative Perspectives in Veterinary...

Area of Science:

• Veterinary Cardiology
• Translational Medicine
• Systems Biology

Background:

• Heart failure (HF) traditionally viewed as a myocardial disorder.
• Emerging evidence highlights HF as a systemic syndrome with multiorgan interactions.
• Canine HF models offer a translational platform for studying systemic remodeling.

Purpose of the Study:

• Propose a systems-based perspective for understanding canine HF.
• Integrate spontaneous canine HF with experimental models.
• Outline key multiorgan interaction pathways in HF.

Main Methods:

• Review of existing literature and research.
• Integration of spontaneous canine HF cases (myxomatous mitral valve disease, dilated cardiomyopathy).
• Analysis of controlled in vivo experimental models.

Main Results:

• Identified four primary interaction pathways: heart-gut, heart-bone, heart-vascular endothelium, and neurocardiac axes.
• Highlighted the role of inflammation, endocrine factors, endothelial dysfunction, and autonomic imbalance.
• Discussed regenerative strategies (stem cell therapy, mitochondrial transplantation) as systemic modulators.

Conclusions:

• Canine HF is a complex multiorgan network condition.
• Reframing HF as a systemic syndrome aids in developing comprehensive diagnostic and treatment plans.
• Future research should focus on integrative, systems-based approaches for HF management.