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Related Concept Videos

Encephalitis l: Introduction01:19

Encephalitis l: Introduction

Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma, most often due to infections or autoimmune processes. It presents with neuropsychiatric features such as fever, altered mental status, behavioral changes, cognitive dysfunction, seizures, focal deficits, and sometimes autonomic instability. In some cases, the meninges are also involved, resulting in meningoencephalitis.Infectious CausesInfectious encephalitis is most commonly viral but can also result from bacterial, fungal, or parasitic...
Bacterial Meningitis I: Introduction01:22

Bacterial Meningitis I: Introduction

Bacterial meningitis is a severe, life-threatening inflammation of the meninges, particularly the pia mater and arachnoid mater, affecting the subarachnoid space, ventricles, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). If untreated, it can lead to significant neurological complications or death.Causative AgentsCommon pathogens vary with age and immune status. In adults, major organisms include Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, and Haemophilus influenzae. Streptococcus agalactiae (group B...
Bacterial Meningitis II: Pathophysiology01:26

Bacterial Meningitis II: Pathophysiology

Bacterial meningitis typically begins when pathogens such as Neisseria meningitidis and Streptococcus pneumoniae colonize the nasopharynx and invade the bloodstream. This process is facilitated by bacterial virulence factors, such as polysaccharide capsules, which resist phagocytosis and complement-mediated killing. Less commonly, bacteria reach the central nervous system via contiguous spread from infections like otitis media or sinusitis, through congenital or acquired dural defects, or...
Encephalitis ll: Pathophysiology01:26

Encephalitis ll: Pathophysiology

Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma caused by direct viral invasion or immune-mediated mechanisms triggered by infections or tumors. Both processes lead to neuronal injury, disrupted neurotransmission, and diverse neurological symptoms, often with overlapping clinical and pathological features.Autoimmune EncephalitisIn autoimmune encephalitis, antibodies target neuronal antigens on cell surfaces, synapses, or within neurons. A key example is anti-NMDAR encephalitis, which can...
Bacterial Meningitis01:24

Bacterial Meningitis

Bacterial meningitis is a severe infectious disease involving inflammation of the meninges, the protective membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord. It occurs when pathogenic bacteria cross the blood–brain barrier and enter the cerebrospinal fluid. Common causative organisms include Neisseria meningitidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae type b, Listeria monocytogenes, and Escherichia coli K1. The exact route of entry varies by pathogen and host condition.Routes of Entry...
Cytomegalovirus Disease01:27

Cytomegalovirus Disease

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease is caused by human cytomegalovirus, a double-stranded DNA virus of the Herpesviridae family. While primary CMV infection is often asymptomatic in immunocompetent individuals, the virus can cause severe disease in neonates and immunocompromised patients. CMV is the most common cause of congenital viral infection in the United States, and a major pathogen in solid organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients.CMV is transmitted via bodily fluids, sexual...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 28, 2026

Modeling Encephalopathy of Prematurity Using Prenatal Hypoxia-ischemia with Intra-amniotic Lipopolysaccharide in Rats
07:36

Modeling Encephalopathy of Prematurity Using Prenatal Hypoxia-ischemia with Intra-amniotic Lipopolysaccharide in Rats

Published on: November 20, 2015

Early-Onset Neonatal Infection and Cerebral Palsy.

Mads Andersen1,2, Niels Bjerregård Matthiesen1,2, May Murra3

  • 1Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.

JAMA Network Open
|May 26, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Early-onset neonatal infections like sepsis and meningitis significantly increase the risk of cerebral palsy in near-term and full-term infants. Sepsis was linked to a higher risk of severe cerebral palsy presentations.

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05:51

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Published on: July 24, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Neonatal research
  • Pediatric neurology
  • Infectious disease epidemiology

Background:

  • Cerebral palsy (CP) is the primary motor disability in childhood.
  • The role of early-onset neonatal infections in CP etiology is not fully understood.
  • Understanding this link is crucial for early intervention and prevention strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between early-onset neonatal infection and cerebral palsy in near-term and full-term infants.
  • To quantify the risk of CP following neonatal sepsis and meningitis.
  • To explore associations with CP subtypes and severity.

Main Methods:

  • Nationwide population-based cohort study of Danish births (2004-2022).
  • Inclusion criteria: near-term and full-term singleton births without major congenital anomalies.
  • Early-onset infection defined as invasive bacterial infection (sepsis or meningitis) within the first week of life; CP diagnosis from national registries; multivariable logistic regression used for analysis.

Main Results:

  • Sepsis was associated with an 8.13-fold increased risk of cerebral palsy (CP).
  • Meningitis showed a substantially higher association with CP, with odds ratios up to 79.57 for culture-positive cases.
  • Sepsis demonstrated a stronger link with nonambulatory status and bilateral CP subtypes, indicating more severe outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • Early-onset neonatal sepsis and meningitis are significantly associated with a markedly increased risk of cerebral palsy in near-term and full-term infants.
  • The association is stronger for meningitis than sepsis.
  • Neonatal infections are linked to more severe clinical presentations of cerebral palsy.