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Related Concept Videos

Labeling Emotion01:20

Labeling Emotion

Emotional labeling is a cognitive process that involves identifying and naming one's emotions, such as anger, fear, happiness, or sadness. It allows individuals to recognize and express their internal emotional states, a critical aspect of emotional regulation and communication. Labeling emotions requires more than mere recognition; it also involves drawing upon memory and contextual cues to understand the current situation and apply a corresponding emotional label. For instance, feeling...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 28, 2026

Experimental Paradigm for Measuring the Effect of Induced Emotion on Grammar Learning
05:33

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Published on: January 29, 2020

An ERP Study of Modality-Specific Effects on Emotional Word Processing.

Yue Huang1, Xiaogen Liao2, Chuanbin Ni1

  • 1School of Foreign Languages and Cultures, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210024, China.

Brain Sciences
|May 27, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Interoception, or sensing the body's internal state, enhances emotional word processing. This study shows how body signals and sensory experiences shape our understanding of emotional language.

Keywords:
emotional valenceemotional wordsinteroceptionmodality-specific effect

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Psycholinguistics
  • Embodied Cognition

Background:

  • Conceptual knowledge is built upon sensory and emotional information.
  • Interoception plays a key role in representing emotional concepts, yet its specific effects on emotional word processing are understudied.
  • The interplay between emotional valence and sensory experiences in word processing requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the influence of interoceptive and visual sensory information on emotional word processing.
  • To examine the timing of emotional valence interactions with sensory experiences during word processing.
  • To determine the extent to which emotional words are grounded in different sensory modalities.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized an event-related potential (ERP) study design.
  • Employed a lexical decision task to assess word processing.
  • Compared behavioral and electrophysiological responses to interoceptive and visual emotional words.

Main Results:

  • Behavioral data revealed significant differences based on sensory modality (interoceptive vs. visual) and emotional valence (positive vs. negative).
  • ERP findings showed modality-specific effects, with interoception facilitating semantic retrieval and integration of emotional words.
  • Negative words exhibited a negativity bias, while positive words showed a positivity bias at different processing stages.

Conclusions:

  • Emotional word processing involves dynamic valence effects, including negativity and positivity biases.
  • Interoception significantly enhances the semantic processing and integration of emotional words.
  • Findings support the modality-specific hypothesis within interoceptive embodied cognition, offering insights into emotional language grounding.