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Tomato Intake Improves Cognitive Performance and Modulates Functional Brain Networks in Healthy Adults: A Randomized

Ricardo López-Solís^1,2, Carolina Donat-Vargas^1,2,3,4, Patricia Ramírez-Carrasco^1,2,5

¹Polyphenol Research Group, Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.

Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland)

|May 27, 2026

Summary

Daily tomato paste consumption enhanced cognitive functions like attention and memory in healthy middle-aged adults. This dietary intervention also influenced brain connectivity and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels.

Keywords:

BDNF antioxidants carotenoids cognition fMRI functional foods lycopene tomato

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Area of Science:

Nutritional Neuroscience
Cognitive Health
Neuroimaging

Background:

Tomatoes are a primary dietary source of lycopene, known for antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
The effect of tomato consumption on cognitive function in healthy adults is not well-established.
Lycopene's ability to cross the blood-brain barrier suggests potential neurological benefits.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the impact of concentrated tomato paste on cognitive performance in healthy adults.
To explore potential mechanisms, including changes in brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and functional brain connectivity.

Main Methods:

A randomized, two-period crossover trial involving 47 healthy adults (aged 40-55 years).
Participants consumed either concentrated tomato paste or a lycopene-restricted control diet for 3 months, followed by a 1-month washout.
Cognitive tests, plasma lycopene, plasma BDNF levels, and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) were used for evaluation.

Main Results:

Tomato intake significantly improved selective attention and processing speed, as well as associative memory.
A trend towards increased plasma BDNF levels was observed with tomato consumption.
Resting-state fMRI showed altered functional brain connectivity, with reduced frontoparietal and auditory network connectivity.

Conclusions:

Daily consumption of concentrated tomato paste can enhance cognitive functions in healthy middle-aged adults.
Tomato intake may modulate brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and influence functional brain connectivity.
These findings suggest tomatoes play a role in supporting cognitive health and brain network function.