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Related Concept Videos

Cancer-Critical Genes II: Tumor Suppressor Genes01:05

Cancer-Critical Genes II: Tumor Suppressor Genes

Genes usually encode proteins necessary for the proper functioning of a healthy cell. Mutations can often cause changes to the gene expression pattern, thereby altering the phenotype.
When the function of certain critical genes, especially those involved in cell cycle regulation and cell growth signaling cascades, gets disrupted, it upsets the cell cycle progression. Such cells with unchecked cell cycles start proliferating uncontrollably and eventually develop into tumors.
Such genes that act...
Cancer-Critical Genes II: Tumor Suppressor Genes01:05

Cancer-Critical Genes II: Tumor Suppressor Genes

Genes usually encode proteins necessary for the proper functioning of a healthy cell. Mutations can often cause changes to the gene expression pattern, thereby altering the phenotype.
When the function of certain critical genes, especially those involved in cell cycle regulation and cell growth signaling cascades, gets disrupted, it upsets the cell cycle progression. Such cells with unchecked cell cycles start proliferating uncontrollably and eventually develop into tumors.
Such genes that act...
lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA)...
Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against specific...
Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against specific...
Tumor Progression02:07

Tumor Progression

Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
Colon cancer is one of the best-documented examples of tumor progression. Early mutation in the APC gene in colon cells causes a small growth on the colon wall called a polyp. With time, this polyp grows into a benign, pre-cancerous tumor. Further...

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Related Experiment Videos

Integrative Transcriptomic Analysis Identifies COL3A1 as a Potential Tumor-Intrinsic Therapeutic Target in NSCLC.

Kaicheng Zhou1, Yanyang Nan1, Mengyang Li1

  • 1School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Immunotherapeutics, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China.

Biomedicines
|May 27, 2026
PubMed
Summary

This study reveals Collagen type III alpha 1 (COL3A1) as a key gene in aggressive non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Inhibiting COL3A1 may enhance immunotherapy responses in NSCLC patients.

Keywords:
collagen type III alpha 1epithelial–mesenchymal transitionnon-small cell lung cancerprogrammed death ligand-1single-cell transcriptomic

Related Experiment Videos

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a major cause of cancer mortality.
  • PD-1/PD-L1 blockade improves outcomes but response is variable.
  • Tumor-intrinsic heterogeneity significantly impacts NSCLC progression and treatment response.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To construct a single-cell atlas of NSCLC to identify tumor-intrinsic drivers of progression.
  • To investigate the role of Collagen type III alpha 1 (COL3A1) in aggressive NSCLC.
  • To explore COL3A1 as a potential therapeutic target and its link to immune checkpoint blockade.

Main Methods:

  • Integrated single-cell RNA sequencing of 650,461 cells from 216 NSCLC samples.
  • Reclustering of tumor epithelial cells to identify distinct subpopulations.
  • Functional experiments, pseudotime analysis, and in vivo xenograft models to validate COL3A1 function.

Main Results:

  • Identified 25 transcriptionally distinct epithelial subpopulations in NSCLC.
  • A high-risk subpopulation characterized by epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and angiogenesis was linked to poor survival.
  • COL3A1 was identified as a key gene in this aggressive subpopulation, promoting proliferation, migration, and invasion.
  • COL3A1 knockdown impaired tumor growth and enhanced anti-PD-L1 therapy efficacy in vivo.

Conclusions:

  • COL3A1 is a tumor-intrinsic gene associated with mesenchymal features and poor prognosis in NSCLC.
  • COL3A1 represents a potential therapeutic target for NSCLC.
  • Combining COL3A1 inhibition with PD-1/PD-L1 blockade may improve treatment outcomes in NSCLC.