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Measuring the Subjective Value of Risky and Ambiguous Options using Experimental Economics and Functional MRI Methods
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Objective Risk in Trust Decisions Under Varying Social Distance: An Exploratory fMRI Study.

Ying Chen1, Chengru Zhao1, Xia Wu2

  • 1Department of Psychology, Tianjin University of Technology and Education, Tianjin 300222, China.

Behavioral Sciences (Basel, Switzerland)
|May 27, 2026
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Summary

Objective risk significantly impacted trust decisions and brain activity more than social distance. This study explored how people make trust decisions under varying risk levels and social contexts.

Keywords:
exploratory fMRI studyneural correlatesobjective risksocial distancetrust decision-makingtrust game

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Science
  • Decision Science

Background:

  • Trust decisions integrate social evaluation and uncertainty processing.
  • Existing trust game paradigms often fail to fully separate social trust from general risk/value computations.
  • Understanding the neural basis of trust under varying objective risk and social contexts is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the neural correlates of trust decisions influenced by objective risk and social distance.
  • To dissociate the effects of objective risk from social distance on trust behavior and brain activation.
  • To explore how the brain processes trust in a controlled experimental setting.

Main Methods:

  • Employed a 2x2 trust game paradigm within a whole-brain functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) study.
  • Recruited 23 adult participants, with 20 included in fMRI analyses after motion artifact exclusion.
  • Analyzed behavioral data for trust rates and fMRI data for brain activation patterns.

Main Results:

  • Behaviorally, higher objective risk led to significantly lower trust rates.
  • Trust decisions, compared to distrust, showed increased activation in prefrontal and visual areas, and decreased activation in the insula.
  • Objective risk modulated neural activity in temporal, supramarginal, and precentral regions, while social distance did not yield significant neural effects.

Conclusions:

  • Objective risk appears to be a more dominant factor than social distance in driving behavioral and neural variations in trust decisions within this specific low-context paradigm.
  • The findings suggest distinct neural pathways for processing objective risk versus social factors in trust.
  • Further research with larger sample sizes and refined tasks is needed to fully elucidate the neural underpinnings of social trust.