Bridging the Gap in Cryopreservation: A Review of Cryoprotectant Innovation and Global Market Trends

Cryopreservation integrates technologies that enable the long-term preservation of biological materials at extremely low temperatures. Since the serendipitous discovery by Audrey Smith and Christopher Polge that glycerol enhances the survival of frozen chicken sperm, the field has advanced rapidly and found applications across cell therapy, biobanking, and tissue engineering. This concise review provides an overview of cryopreservation principles and the current commercial landscape in cell freezing media, highlighting key players, challenges and recent developments in tissue and small-organ preservation.