Anesthetic Management in Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery Among Anesthesiologists: Survey-Based Study in Poland

Background/Objectives: Metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS) is increasingly performed worldwide and requires specific anesthetic management due to the complex physiological alterations associated with severe obesity. Although several international guidelines provide recommendations for perioperative care in bariatric patients, their implementation in routine clinical practice may vary. This study aimed to report anesthetic practices among Polish anesthesiologists providing anesthesia for bariatric procedures. Methods: A cross-sectional survey study was conducted in October 2025 among Polish anesthesiologists. The questionnaire consisted of 13 closed-ended questions addressing demographic characteristics, anesthetic management and blood pressure management, including preoperative thresholds for postponement of elective surgery and intraoperative thresholds for pharmacological treatment of hypotension. The survey was distributed via social media platforms. Participation was anonymous and voluntary. Results: A total of 71 anesthesiologists participated in the study. The most commonly used intubation device was the Macintosh laryngoscope (57.7%), while videolaryngoscopy was used by 42.2% of respondents. Positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) was routinely applied by most respondents, with 63.4% adjusting its level according to patient body weight. Multimodal analgesia components were commonly used, with paracetamol (95.8%), dexamethasone (91.5%), metamizole (90.1%), and lignocaine (84.5%) being the most frequently administered drugs. Most anesthesiologists reported postponing elective surgery when blood pressure exceeded 180/110 mmHg. More experienced anesthesiologists more often considered lower thresholds for postponement of elective surgery (p = 0.006). Conclusions: Reported practices among surveyed anesthesiologists for MBS in Poland are generally consistent with international recommendations, particularly regarding the use of PEEP. However, variability remains in airway management strategies and the use of videolaryngoscopy, highlighting the need for continued education and broader implementation of evidence-based perioperative protocols.