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Uncovering Latent Structure in Gliomas Using Multi-Omics Factor Analysis.

Catarina Gameiro Carvalho¹, Alexandra M Carvalho², Susana Vinga^3,4

¹Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal.

|May 27, 2026

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This study used multi-omics analysis to find molecular differences in glioma brain tumors. The findings reveal new biomarkers and gene expression patterns that could lead to personalized cancer treatments.

Area of Science:

Neuro-oncology
Genomics
Molecular Biology

Background:

Gliomas are common adult malignant brain tumors with poor prognosis.
Current World Health Organization (WHO) classification has limitations due to tumor heterogeneity.
Advancements in sequencing and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) enable multi-level molecular investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

To apply integrative multi-omics analysis to gliomas.
To explore the interplay between genomic, epigenomic, and transcriptomic data.
To identify molecular profiles and potential therapeutic targets in glioma.

Main Methods:

Integrative multi-omics analysis combining genomic, epigenomic (DNA methylation), and transcriptomic (mRNA, miRNA) data.
Utilized Multi-Omics Factor Analysis (MOFA), a Bayesian latent factor model.

Keywords:

latent factor model molecular subtyping multi-omics integration prognostic biomarkers survival analysis

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On-Site Sampling and Extraction of Brain Tumors for Metabolomics and Lipidomics Analysis

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Analyzed data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA).

Main Results:

Distinct molecular profiles were identified across oligodendroglioma, astrocytoma, and glioblastoma.
Potential relationships between DNA methylation and gene expression were uncovered.
Novel candidate biomarkers associated with survival and a transcriptional profile linked to neural development were discovered.

Conclusions:

Findings highlight distinct glioma molecular subtypes.
Identified potential biomarkers and gene expression patterns for survival.
Results may inform personalized therapeutic strategies for improved treatment and outcomes.