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Characterizing Dissipative Elastic Metamaterials Produced by Additive Manufacturing

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Additively Manufactured Density-Graded Dual-Material Auxetic Structures: Enhanced Energy Absorption and Shape

Mohammad Faisal Ahmed¹, Kyle Primes¹

¹Department of Industrial and Engineering Technology, Southeastern Louisiana University, 801 N. Oak Street, Hammond, LA 70402, USA.

|May 27, 2026

Summary

Dual-material auxetic structures with density gradients offer enhanced energy absorption and stiffness. This novel design overcomes limitations of single-material auxetics, paving the way for advanced reusable energy-absorbing components.

Keywords:

auxetic density gradient dual-material energy absorption in-plane compression negative Poisson’s ratio

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Mechanical Engineering
Additive Manufacturing

Background:

Auxetic structures with negative Poisson's ratio (NPR) are widely studied but face application limitations due to single-material constraints.
Reentrant auxetic structures offer geometric simplicity but require advanced fabrication for improved performance.

Purpose of the Study:

To address limitations of single-material auxetic structures by proposing novel dual-material designs.
To investigate the impact of density gradient strategy and dual-material extrusion on auxetic structure performance.

Main Methods:

Fabrication of two density gradient reentrant auxetic structures using material extrusion additive manufacturing.
Utilizing both single-material (flexible) and dual-material (rigid/flexible) extrusion modes with a novel interface design.
Conducting in-plane compression tests to evaluate energy absorption characteristics.

Main Results:

Dual-material structures demonstrated significantly higher yield stress, mean crushing force, peak crushing force, and maximum crushing force compared to single-material counterparts.
Superior specific energy, energy dissipation, and energy release were observed in dual-material designs.
High lateral stiffness and minimized elastic instability were achieved, crucial for reusable energy-absorbing applications.

Conclusions:

The synergy between dual-material composition and density gradient design is critical for enhancing auxetic structure performance.
The proposed structures offer a promising pathway for developing lightweight, reusable, and high-performance energy-absorbing components.
Findings provide a valuable reference for future designs in advanced energy absorption systems.