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Correlation Between Color and Bubble Microstructural Characteristics in Baltic Amber.

Yue Luo1, Xiangyu Zhang2, Guanghai Shi2

  • 1School of Art and Design, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China.

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)
|May 27, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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The color of Baltic amber, particularly beeswax-amber, is determined by its internal bubble microstructure. Nanoscale bubbles scatter light, creating the white appearance of some specimens.

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Geology
  • Optics

Background:

  • Baltic amber displays diverse colors, with beeswax-amber being of particular interest.
  • The link between beeswax-amber's color and its internal bubble microstructure is not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between beeswax-amber color and internal bubble characteristics.
  • To explain the origin of white beeswax-amber coloration and its color variation mechanisms.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of ten beeswax-amber specimens with a yellow-to-white color gradient.
  • Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for microstructural analysis of bubbles (size, number, density).
  • Ultraviolet (UV) illumination for optical observation and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy for component analysis.
Keywords:
Baltic amberMie scatteringRayleigh scatteringSEMbeeswax-amberbubblescolor

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Main Results:

  • Beeswax-amber coloration is strongly correlated with microscopic bubble characteristics.
  • Microstructures support Mie scattering conditions.
  • White beeswax-amber samples exhibit abundant nanoscale bubbles, leading to combined Rayleigh and Mie scattering effects.

Conclusions:

  • The diverse colors of Baltic amber result from both intrinsic properties and synergistic optical effects of internal bubble microstructures.
  • This study provides a physically grounded explanation for Baltic amber's varied appearances.