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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 28, 2026

Fabricating Degradable Thermoresponsive Hydrogels on Multiple Length Scales via Reactive Extrusion, Microfluidics, Self-assembly, and Electrospinning
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Published on: April 16, 2018

Strong, Fast-Response Printable Lignin/PNIPAM Thermo-Responsive Hydrogel via Hierarchical Phase Separation.

Qian Wang1, Huijie Zhang1, Wenlong Zhang1

  • 1College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science &Technology, Xi'an 710021, China.

Gels (Basel, Switzerland)
|May 27, 2026
PubMed
Summary

A novel thermo-responsive hydrogel (NL hydrogel) was developed using poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) and lignin. This printable material exhibits rapid volume changes and superior mechanical properties, making it ideal for soft robotics applications.

Keywords:
4D printhigh-volume shrinkagehydrogelligninthermo-responsive hydrogel

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Synthesis of Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) Janus Microhydrogels for Anisotropic Thermo-responsiveness and Organophilic/Hydrophilic Loading Capability
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Last Updated: May 28, 2026

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Synthesis of Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) Janus Microhydrogels for Anisotropic Thermo-responsiveness and Organophilic/Hydrophilic Loading Capability

Published on: February 27, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Polymer Science
  • Robotics

Background:

  • Stimuli-responsive hydrogels are crucial for developing advanced soft robots.
  • Existing hydrogels often face limitations in response speed and mechanical strength.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a printable, thermo-responsive hydrogel with enhanced volume change capabilities and mechanical properties.
  • To explore the potential of lignin and poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) self-assembly for creating novel hydrogel architectures.

Main Methods:

  • Facile synthesis and self-assembly of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) and hydrophobic lignin.
  • Characterization of the hierarchical phase-separated structure and multiscale water channels.
  • Direct ink writing for printing hydrogel structures in various geometries.

Main Results:

  • The NL hydrogel demonstrated ultrafast dehydration response (90% water expulsion in 10 s) and ultrahigh volume shrinkage (up to 96.4%).
  • Exceptional mechanical properties were achieved, with tensile stress >1 MPa and strain >500% below LCST, and stress ~5 MPa and strain ~1500% above LCST.
  • Printed NL hydrogels exhibited thermo-triggered shape morphing and light-controlled actuation via lignin's photothermal effect.

Conclusions:

  • The developed NL hydrogel offers superior responsive speed and mechanical properties compared to existing thermo-responsive hydrogels.
  • The printable nature and tunable actuation of NL hydrogels position them as promising candidates for soft robotic actuators and manipulators.
  • The unique hierarchical structure derived from lignin-PNIPAM self-assembly is key to the material's enhanced performance.