A Comparative Analysis of iPSC, MSC, and 293T-Derived Exosomes for Parkinson's Disease Therapy

Parkinson's disease (PD) lacks effective therapeutic methods. Exosomes are specialized vesicles that feature a double-layered lipid structure and are rich in proteins, miRNA, mRNA, growth factors, and other biomolecules. Their diverse components enable tissue repair and cell activation, making exosomes a promising candidate for therapeutic applications, including for PD. Exosomes are widely studied in cancer treatment and regenerative medicine. Since these vesicles retain the characteristics of their source cells, selecting the appropriate cell type is crucial. In this study, we compared exosomes derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), and 293T cells in terms of particle production, protein content, cellular uptake efficiency, and therapeutic effects on PD. The results showed that exosomes derived from iPSCs outperformed those from the other two cell types in all evaluated aspects, followed by MSC-derived exosomes, while 293T-derived exosomes were the least effective. This study provides valuable comparative data to inform the selection of source cells for exosome-based therapies in regenerative medicine.