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Near-Infrared Spectroscopy for the Single-Kernel Analysis of Sorghum Protein Content.
Princess Tiffany D Mendoza1, Paul R Armstrong2, Erin D Scully2
1Department of Grain Science and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA.
Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|May 27, 2026
Summary
This study introduces a rapid, non-destructive method using single-kernel near-infrared spectroscopy (SKNIR) to predict protein content in individual sorghum kernels. This technology aids in assessing grain quality for breeding and processing.
Area of Science:
- Agricultural Science
- Analytical Chemistry
- Spectroscopy
Background:
- Sorghum protein content is a key quality trait affecting breeding, applications, and market value.
- Sorghum composition varies due to genetic, agronomic, and environmental factors, leading to inter-kernel differences.
- Accurate and rapid assessment of protein content is crucial for quality control and breeding programs.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop and evaluate a non-destructive method for predicting protein content in individual sorghum kernels.
- To assess the efficacy of single-kernel near-infrared spectroscopy (SKNIR) for this purpose.
- To determine the optimal spectral pre-processing technique for accurate protein prediction.
Main Methods:
- Collected spectra from intact sorghum kernels using SKNIR.
- Applied various pre-processing techniques (e.g., multiplicative scatter correction) to spectral data.
- Developed calibration models using partial least squares regression against reference protein content (LECO method).
Main Results:
- The best predictive model, using multiplicative scatter correction, achieved a standard error of prediction of 0.83%.
- The model demonstrated good predictive ability, indicated by a relative predictive determinant of 3.40.
- SKNIR successfully captured inter-kernel variability in sorghum protein content.
Conclusions:
- SKNIR offers a rapid and non-destructive method for predicting sorghum protein content at the single-kernel level.
- The developed method is suitable for quality control and sorting applications in grain processing.
- SKNIR technology can significantly enhance the screening of grain quality in sorghum breeding programs.
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