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Development of Channelized K/V Band Dicke Microwave Radiometer Based on SDR.

Zhenzhen Liang^1,2, Wei Guo², Caiyun Wang²

¹University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)

|May 27, 2026

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

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This study introduces a digital Dicke radiometer using software-defined radio (SDR) for atmospheric monitoring. The system achieves high accuracy and efficiency in detecting water vapor and oxygen, improving atmospheric remote sensing capabilities.

Area of Science:

Atmospheric remote sensing
Microwave radiometry
Software-defined radio (SDR)

Background:

Traditional microwave radiometers face challenges in efficiency, channel consistency, and nonlinearity.
Software-defined radio (SDR) offers a flexible, digital solution for complex radiometer requirements.
Accurate detection of atmospheric water vapor and oxygen is crucial for weather and climate studies.

Purpose of the Study:

To propose and demonstrate a digital Dicke-type radiometer system based on an SDR platform.
To achieve single-chip integration of RF signal sampling, digital local oscillator generation, and signal processing.
To improve system efficiency and accuracy for atmospheric water vapor and oxygen detection.

Main Methods:

Utilized Xilinx RFSoC XCZU47DR for core hardware integration.

Keywords:

Dicke radiometer channelized receiver polyphase filter bank software-defined radio (SDR)

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Implemented a 46-channel channelized receiver (K-band and V-band) using a polyphase filter bank on FPGA.

Developed an adaptive integration method for digital Dicke zero-balancing and performed full-chain calibration.

Main Results:

Achieved 70 dB stopband attenuation and 0.5 dB passband ripple with efficient polyphase filters.
Demonstrated brightness temperature consistency better than 0.7 K across all channels.
Obtained high sensitivity: < 0.15 K (K-band) and < 0.21 K (V-band) at 1s integration time.

Conclusions:

The proposed SDR-based digital Dicke radiometer system offers a highly efficient and accurate solution for atmospheric monitoring.
Digital implementation, including adaptive integration for zero-balancing, significantly enhances performance and reduces hardware complexity.
The system's performance validates its suitability for wideband, multi-channel atmospheric water vapor and oxygen detection.