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¹Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering (DEIB) of Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)

|May 27, 2026

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This summary is machine-generated.

A new Time-Correlated Single-Photon Counting (TCSPC) method overcomes pile-up distortion, enabling faster, distortion-free light signal analysis. This advancement utilizes a Silicon Photomultiplier detector for enhanced precision in biomedical applications.

Area of Science:

Biomedical optics
Photonics
Light-matter interaction analysis

Background:

Non-invasive light-matter interaction analysis is rapidly advancing in biomedical and life sciences, driven by low-intensity light detection.
Single-photon detection techniques, particularly Time-Correlated Single-Photon Counting (TCSPC), are crucial for analyzing complex photonic applications.
Conventional TCSPC is limited by pile-up distortion, restricting acquisition speed and signal fidelity.

Purpose of the Study:

To introduce a novel TCSPC acquisition methodology that overcomes limitations of conventional implementations.
To develop a single-photon detection module for improved TCSPC performance.
To enable distortion-free reconstruction of light profiles independent of photodetector dead time and excitation intensity.

Main Methods:

Keywords:

analog front-end electronics correction algorithm dead time pile-up distortion silicon photomultiplier time-correlated single-photon counting time-resolved fluorescence measurements timing jitter

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Development of a novel TCSPC acquisition methodology.
Implementation of a single-photon detection module using a Silicon Photomultiplier.
Performance evaluation through fluorescence measurements using the constraint-free TCSPC methodology.

Main Results:

The developed Silicon Photomultiplier module provides 750 ps FWHM output pulses with a 33.5 ps RMS Instrument Response Function (IRF).
The constraint-free TCSPC methodology achieved a photon count rate up to 166% of the excitation frequency.
Minimal lifetime estimation error of -1.46% was recorded, demonstrating high accuracy.

Conclusions:

The novel TCSPC methodology and Silicon Photomultiplier module significantly enhance the capabilities of time-resolved optical signal analysis.
This advancement overcomes critical limitations of traditional TCSPC, enabling higher acquisition speeds and improved accuracy.
The developed system holds promise for transforming biomedical and life science research reliant on precise light detection.