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Non-Intrusive Early Insulation Fault Detection for Induction Motors Using a Dual-Frequency Microstrip Antenna Array

Yinghua Xu¹, Yongfeng Wu¹

¹School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Hunan Institute of Engineering, Xiangtan 411104, China.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)

|May 27, 2026

Summary

This study introduces a novel non-intrusive method using a microstrip antenna array to detect early insulation faults in induction motors. The system achieves high accuracy, even under interference, enabling real-time monitoring.

Keywords:

early insulation fault fault detection induction motor microstrip antenna array non-intrusive detection

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Published on: March 8, 2020

Area of Science:

Electrical Engineering
Electromagnetics
Condition Monitoring

Background:

Traditional induction motor insulation fault detection methods face challenges with accuracy, interference susceptibility, and installation.
Early detection of insulation faults is crucial for preventing motor failure and ensuring operational reliability.

Purpose of the Study:

To propose a non-intrusive detection method for early insulation faults in induction motors using a microstrip antenna array.
To overcome limitations of existing methods, including interference, installation difficulties, and inability for online monitoring.

Main Methods:

Designed a four-element microstrip antenna array with dual detection frequencies (1.14 GHz and 2.23 GHz) to avoid noise and interference.
Utilized the antenna array's high gain and directivity to extract weak electromagnetic signals from insulation discharge via motor heat dissipation holes.
Employed HFSS electromagnetic simulation software for antenna array design and built an industrial-grade experimental platform for verification.

Main Results:

Achieved non-intrusive, non-stop, and non-disassembly identification of early insulation discharge faults.
Demonstrated fault recognition rates of 94% for single faults and 90% for composite faults.
Maintained recognition rates above 85% even under strong industrial electromagnetic interference, with signal-to-noise ratios of 31.6-35.2 dB.

Conclusions:

The proposed microstrip antenna array method offers a highly efficient and reliable solution for real-time insulation state monitoring of industrial induction motors.
This approach overcomes the drawbacks of traditional methods, providing significant engineering application value.
The system demonstrates robust performance and adaptability in industrial environments.